What is the cardiac cycle?

1. the series of events shown in the EKG tracing
2. the sequence of mechanical events from one heartbeat to the next
3. the pathway for conduction of electrical impulses through the heart
4. the formula for determining the performance of the heart

B

Blood flows through the heart from high to low, according to the ___ gradient.

1. concentration
2. pressure
3. temperature

B

As the left ventricle contracts, its pressure rises above the pressures in the left atrium and the aorta. Then blood will flow into the aorta. Which valves need to be open or closed at this point in the cardiac cycle?

1. aortic valve closed; left atrioventricular valve closed
2. aortic valve closed; left atrioventricular valve open
3. aortic valve open; left atrioventricular valve closed
4. aortic valve open; left atrioventricular valve open

C

As the left ventricle relaxes, its pressure will fall. When the left ventricle is completely relaxed, which valves will be open or closed?

1. aortic valve closed; left atrioventricular valve closed
2. aortic valve closed; left atrioventricular valve open
3. aortic valve open; left atrioventricular valve closed
4. aortic valve open; left atrioventricular valve open

B

The sound of vibration of the heart walls due to a closing aortic valve is heard during the ___ heart sound.

Question 5 options:

S1

S2

S3

S4

B

What is the best location to place the stethoscope to hear the sound associated with the aortic valve closing?

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border

5th intercostal space, left sternal border

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

A

Place the events of the cardiac cycle in order, starting with event #1 in figure 17.17.

1. isovolumetric contraction
2. isovolumetric relaxation
3. ventricular filling
4. ventricular ejection

3,1,4,2

80% of the blood that flows from the atria into the ventricles flows ___.

1. actively
2. passively

B

diastole

systole

end-diastolic volume

end-systolic volume

isovolumetric

ejection

The right ventricle's maximum pressure is about ____ mm Hg. The left ventricle's maximum pressure is about____ mm Hg.

28, 118

What is considered a normal value for heart rate?

1. 40-60 beats per minute
2. 60-80 beats per minute
3. 80-100 beats per minute
4. 100-120 beats per minute

B

How does the amount of blood pumped by the right ventricle compare to that pumped by the left ventricle?

1. The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle.
2. The right ventricle pumps less blood than the left ventricle.
3. The right ventricle pumps the same amount of blood as the left ventricle.

C

The ejection fraction is the % of blood in the ventricle that is pumped out during systole. What is a normal ejection fraction?

1. 25%
2. 45%
3. 65%
4. 85%

C

Which of the following has a positive chronotropic effect on the heart (as in, it makes the heart beat faster)?

1. parasympathetic system activation
2. decreased temperature
3. thyroid hormone
4. atrial natriuretic hormone

C

What effect does a positive chronotropic agent have on cardiac output?

1. cardiac output will increase
2. cardiac output will decrease
3. cardiac output will not change

A

What effect will vagus nerve stimulation have on cardiac output?

increased cardiac output due to increased heart rate

decreased cardiac output due to increased heart rate

decreased cardiac output due to decreased heart rate

increased cardiac output due to decreased heart rate

C

Aldosterone and ADH are 2 hormones that increase blood volume. What effect does increasing blood volume have on cardiac output?

1. increasing cardiac output by increasing preload
2. decreasing cardiac output by increasing preload
3. increasing cardiac output by decreasing preload
4. decreasing cardiac output by decreasing preload

A

Why do trained athletes generally have a lower resting heart rate?

1. They have a lower metabolic rate so don't need as much cardiac output.
2. They have increased stroke volume, which maintains cardiac output.
3. They have lower body temperature, so the SA node fires more slowly.
4. They have increased blood volume which increases cardiac output.

B

Pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema, from fluid backing up in the lungs, is a common symptom of which type of heart failure?

1. right-sided heart failure
2. left-sided heart failure
3. both right- and left-sided heart failure

B