pulmonary respiration

breathing

external respiration

alveolar gas exchange

gas transport

Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood in the lungs.

internal respiration

systemic gas exchange

respiratory system

Respiration is the process by which the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide to produce energy.

tidal volume (TV)

the amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal, quiet breath.

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

the additional amount of air that you can forcefully breathe out after completing a normal, quiet exhalation.

extra amount of air in the lungs

vital capacity (VC)

the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest possible breath.

forced vital capacity (FVC)

the maximum amount of air a person can forcefully exhale after taking the deepest breath possible.

forced expiratory volume (FEVt)

how quickly you can expel air

residual volume

the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

total lung capacity

the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold after a deep inhalation.

pneumothorax

a condition in which air enters the space between the lung and the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse partially or completely.

surfactant

a thin film created by alveoli to lubricate and protect the alveoli during exhalation