Which of the following does not have an endocrine function?

urinary bladder

adipose tissue

liver

small intestine

urinary bladder

Growth hormone

stimulates glucongenesis

decreases blood glucose

increases lipogenesis

has few target cells in the body

stimulates glucongenesis

Eicosanoids are synthesized from

cholesterol

prostaglandin

arachidonic acid

amino acids

arachidonic acid

Follicle stimulating hormone is a

glycoprotein

steroid

monoamine

oligopeptide

glycoprotein

Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels.

True

False

True

In which order would blood flow through these structures as it travels from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

primary plexus

secondary plexus

hypophyseal portal veins

Primary plexus> hypophyseal portal veins> secondary plexus

Steroid hormones are derived from

cholesterol

glycerol

amines

polypeptides

amino acids

cholesterol

Within the infundibulum , the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the

hypothalamo hypophyseal tract

primary plexus

secondary plexus

supraoptic portal system

hypothalamo hypophyseal tract

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood, then move into tissues and become macrophages, which perform phagocytosis.

eosinophil

basophil

monocyte

lymphocyte

neutrophil

monocyte

During hematopoiesis, the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only

True

False

True

What are the characteristics of leukocytes?

smaller than erythrocytes

have a nucleus

have no hemoglobin

more numerous than erythrocytes

depending on type, may or may not have granules

have a nucleus, have no hemoglobin , may or may not granules

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

Liver

spleen

lung

liver and spleen

spleen and lung

liver and spleen

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

increase the viscosity of the blood

decrease the blood pressure in the arteries

decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood

increase the oxygen carry capacity of the blood

increase the viscosity of the blood

The extrinsic pathway is a clotting system that is initiated by chemicals that come from outside of the body.

True

False

True

As a platelet forms at an injury site, platelets become activated and their cytosol

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxaneA2

degranulates as they release chemicals such a as fibrinogen and prothrombin

becomes granular as they take up chemicals such a as ADP and thromboxaneA2

becomes granular as they take up chemicals such a as fibrinogen and prothrombin

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxaneA2

The smallest and most abundant proteins are

globulins

endocrine hormones

albumins

fibrinogens

prothrombins

Albumins

When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocytes types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform?

a white blood cell differential count

a red blood cell differential count

a total count for red and white blood cells

blood typing

a white blood cell differential count

The first phase of hemostasis involves

blood vessel dilation

blood vessel constriction

release of procoagulants

fibrinolysis

blood vessel constriction

The globulins make up about ______ percent of all plasma proteins.

58

37

4

1

85

37%

The lifespan of an erythrocyte is about _____ days.

10

30

60

120

360

120

The aventricular node (AV node) is located in the

floor of the left atrium

floor of the right atrium

roof of the left ventricle

back wall of the right ventricle

back wall of the left ventricle

Floor of the right atrium

Around day 21 of development the primitive heart begins to beat. At this stage it contains the four chambers, two atria and two ventricles.

True

False

False

During the S-T segment, what is occurring within cardiac muscles cells?

Sodium is rapidly diffusing out of atrial muscle cells

Sodium channels are beginning to open in ventricular cells and calcium is entering through slow channels in atrial cells

calcium is entering and potassium is leaving ventricular cells

potassium is entering atrial cells and sodium is leaving ventricular cells

calcium is entering and potassium is leaving ventricular cells

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?

pulmonary trunk

cardio circuit

coronary circuit

systemic circuit

systemic circuit

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

pulmonary circuit

visceral circuit

coronary circuit

systemic circuit

pulmonary circuit

Pectinate muscles are found on the?

posterior wall of the right ventricle

anterior wall of the right ventricle

internal walls of the right and left atria

posterior walls of the right and left ventricles

external wall of the right atrium

internal walls of the right and left atria

Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes?

less calcium to enter the heart cells, which leads to lower risk of heart attack

more forceful contractions during each heart rate

an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells

thyroid hormone to have steadying effect on heart activity

heart cell membrane potentials to become more positive during action potentials

an increase in the firing rate of SA node cells

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

left atrium and left ventricle

left atrium and right ventricle

right atrium and left atrium

right atrium and right ventricle

right atrium and left ventricle

right atrium and right ventricle

The term epicardium is another name for the

visceral layer of serosal pericardium

parietal layer of the serosal pericardium

external layer of the fibrous pericardium

myocardium

mediastinum

visceral layer of serosal pericardium

Which prenatal structure forms the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

truncus arteriosus

sinus venosus

primitive atrium

primitve ventricle

conus cordis

truncus arteriosus

To initiate a cardiac muscle contraction, calcium

bind to calmodulin

binds to troponin

binds to actin

binds to the z-disc

binds to tropomyosin

binds to troponin

Parasympathetic innervation influences the heart rate, but generally tends to have no direct effect on the force of contractions.

True

False

True

Myofibrils in cardiac muscle tissue are arranged in end to end sarcomeres.

True

False

True

As with action potentials in other types of cells, the repolarization of cardiac muscle cells involves the

entrance of calcium through voltage gated channels

exit of potassium through voltage gated channels

entrance of sodium through voltage gated channels

binding of ACh to ACh receptor

simultaneous closure of sodium channels and opening of calcium channels

exit of potassium through voltage gated channels

Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

True

False

True

Several esophageal branches emerge off of which of the following vessels?

celiac trunk

bronchial arteries

left gastric arteries

superior mesenteric artery

broncheal arteries

Among the advantages of the cerebral arterial circle is the presence of collateral channels of blood flow to the brain should a supply artery become blocked.

True

False

True

The azygos vein is located on the left side of the vertebrae.

True

False

False

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

get smaller

get larger

show no change in their lumen size

get larger

The left suprarenal and gonadal veins differ from the right suprarenal and gonadal in how directly they get to the inferior vena cava

True

False

True