The distance from sea level.

The layer of gas surrounding a planet that is held in place by gravity.

The large-scale movement of air around Earth.

Average weather patterns for a particular region.

The apparent deflection of moving air, as seen by an observer on Earth, as a result of Earth’s rotation.

Geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on Earth’s surface,

Directional movements of ocean water; surface currents result from steady winds over the ocean surface; deep currents result from density variations due to temperature and salinity differences.

The study of specific regions of Earth.

The spinning of Earth on its axis that causes day and night to occur.

The day-to-day state of the atmosphere.