A 48-year-old male complains of 8/10 crushing pain that radiates to his neck. Vitals are BP 112/78, P 60, R 18. The patient states he took his daily medications of metoprolol, Cialis, and aspirin. What should you do?

Transport rapidly in a position of comfort to the nearest STEMI center

A patient has been in cardiac arrest for seven minutes after being struck by lightning. You should:

Begin CPR

A 54 year-old male complains of chest tightness after raking leaves for an hour. The pain subsided after he rested and took two nitroglycerin tablets. He has had very similar episodes in the past. He is most likely experiencing:

angina pectoris

A child is in cardiac arrest with an unknown downtime. What should you do?

Perform CPR while attaching the AED

Aspirin is administered to patients with chest pain because it:

Decreases the ability of platelets to coagulate

A 60-year-old patient is short of breath and cyanotic. Lung sounds revealed crackles and you note accessory muscle use. You should suspect:

Left sided heart failure

Emergency medical responders have been performing effective CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. Upon your arrival, the AED "says shock advised" What should you do?

Defibrillate the patient

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cardiogenic shock?

Progressive hypotension

While performing chest compressions, you should:

Position your shoulders over your hands

During CPR, why is the upstroke of the compression critical?

Allows blood to fill the heart chambers

What best describes PEA ( Pulseless Electrical Activity)?

Disorganizedelectrical activity without a pulse

Which valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle?

mitral

Chronic hypertension in adults typically begins at pressure higher than:

140/90

A 54-year-old female suddenly became pulseless and apneic. What should you do?

Immediately start chest compressions

If the heart lacks enough power to pump the proper volume of blood through the circulatory system, it is known as:

cardiogenic shock

You observe an older male slump to the floor. He is pulseless. What should you do?

Immediately start chest compressions

During adult CPR, you should compress the chest:

At least 2 inches

A 67-year-old male has significant shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. He is ashen and clammy. Vitals are BP 90/60, P 148, R 34. You should:

Place the patient in a position of comfort

What is the primary action of nitroglycerin?

It dilates the coronary arteries

A 76 year old female is sitting in a tripod position, complaining of epigastric discomfort, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. She has taken two nitroglycerin tablets without relief. You should suspect:

Myocardial infraction

In an adult, a pulse rate of 50 is called

Bradycardia

Which vessels carry blood to the capillary beds?

Arterioles

You are in an airport and see an adult collapse. As you get the AED from the wall, a bystander starts CPR. If indicated, you should deliver your first shock:

As soon as possible on arrival

An 80-year-old male patient presents with shortness of breath, fatigue, peripheral edema, and jugular vein distention. Breath sounds reveal crackles and rhonchi. The most likely cause is:

Congestive heart failure

A 69-year-old male is lying in his bed and complains of chest pain. During your assessment he becomes unresponsive and pulseless. What should you do?

Move him onto a hard surface and begin chest compressions

A 66-year-old female called EMS for minor chest pain. Prior to calling she took three doses of her prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin with no relief. Her SpO2 is 95%. What should you do?

Assess her vital signs

A 49-year-old male with a history of heart problems complains of shortness of breath. You can assist him in taking his prescribed nitroglycerin if he:

Complains of chest pressure and has a BP of 110/62

A patient complains of chest pain radiating to both shoulders after dinner. He is pale, diaphoretic, and slightly short of breath. The pain worsens with a deep breath. Vital signs are BP 150/90, P 120 irregular, R 20. You should suspect:

Myocardial infraction

An 84-year-old patient states, "I feel like I'm about to die." Nitroglycerin and oxygen have not decreased her chest pain. Vitals are BP 90/66, P 60, R 24. You should:

Transport immediately

You shock a patient back into a normal rhythm with an AED. During transport, the patient becomes cyanotic and pulseless. What should you do?

Start CPR and request the EMS unit to stop

A 44-year-old female awakened with shortness of breath and complaining of indigestion, nausea, and epigastric pressure. Antacids didn't help. You should suspect:

Myorcardial infraction

You just arrived at the scene of a 75-year-old male with generalized weakness and chest pain. He has not taken his prescribed medications: nitroglycerin, aspirin, and atenolol. You should:

Complete a focused history and physical examination

What action does aspirin have in the body that makes it beneficial for patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction?

Preventing platelets from clotting

A 67-year-old male with a history of asthma complains of chest tightness and shortness of breath. He took one nitroglycerin tablet without relief. He is pale and sweaty with SpO2 76%. What should you do?

Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask

An asthmatic 50-year-old female is sitting at her desk. She is anxious and complaining of tightness in her chest. You should:

Perform a focused history and physical exam

At what rate should single rescuer CPR be performed for a 17-year-old female?

120 compressions/minute

What is the cause of heart failure?

Inadequate ejection of blood from the ventricles

During CPR which of the following is most important?

Minimal interruptions to chest compressions

A 40-year-old patient with a history of coronary artery disease and recent mastectomy is complaining of chest discomfort. Vital signs are P 120, R 22, BP 80/54. You should suspect:

cardiogenic shock

Within two minutes of assisting your patient with his third nitroglycerin tablet, he complains of dizziness and becomes sweaty. Radial pulses are present, rapid and weak. You should suspect that the:

Nitroglycerin caused vasodilation and created hypoperfusion

A patient who collapsed has been revived following one shock with an AED. She is now moaning and breathing on her own. What should you do?

Turn her on her side and monitor her airway

A 46-year-old male was in cardiac arrest. You administered one shock. At the 2-minute pulse check you feel a strong pulse. What should you do?

Assess for breathing and manage his airway if necessary

A 73-year-old female has chest pain and shortness of breath with bilateral crackles. Vital signs are BP 80/40, P 112, R 22. What is the most likely cause?

cardiogenic shock

The pulmonary artery carries:

deoxygenated blood away from the heart

An 84-year-old male with a history of heart problems complains of chest pain. The chest pain started 30 minutes ago while at rest. Vital signs are BP 110/70, P 92, R 20 and SpO2 95%. What should you do?

Assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin

Which electrical cardiac disturbance will an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) shock?

Ventricular tachycardia

Which patient is most likely to benefit from an AED?

A 54 year old choking patient who is unresponsive with no carotid pulse

A 65-year-old male complains of weakness and indigestion that began this morning. Vital signs are BP 150/90, P 116, R 24. You should suspect:

Myocardial infraction

A patient is complaining of substernal chest pain with radiating pain to his back and jaw. The pain is not relieved with rest. You should suspect:

Acute myocardial infraction

A buildup of calcium and cholesterol form plaque inside a blood vessel which would most likely cause:

acute coronary syndrome

After an AED has analyzed a patient, the machine states "shock advised." The most likely cause is:

Ventricular tachycardia

A patient presents with a sudden onset of tearing chest pain, absent radial pulse on the right arm and a history of high blood pressure. You should suspect:

aortic dissection

Which of the following is the largest artery in the body?

aorta

An oriented 78-year-old female with pale and moist skin is complaining of indigestion. Vital signs are BP 180/90, P 116, R 24 and regular. You should suspect:

Myocardial infraction

An oriented 78-year-old female with pale and moist skin is complaining of indigestion. Vital signs are BP 180/90, P 116, R 24 and regular. You should suspect:

an irregular heartbeat

Blood enters the right atrium from the:

vena cav

CPR has been ongoing for ten minutes on a patient in cardiac arrest. An AED has just been applied and is ready to analyze. You should:

Stop CPR and clear the patient

An adult patient is in cardiac arrest with bystander CPR in progress. What should you do?

Continue CPR while your partner attaches the AED

You have just defibrillated a patient and now has a pulse with effective respirations. In which position should you place the patient?

Recovery

A 36-year-old female with a history of congenital heart defects is slow to respond. She has pale, cool, and clammy skin. Vital signs are BP 68/30, P 128, R 26. What should you suspect?

cardiogenic shock

A 68-year-old female with cardiac history is complaining of shortness of breath. Chest auscultation reveals crackles bilaterally. You should suspect:

Congestive heart failure

The systolic blood pressure measures pressure during which of the following?

venticular contraction

A 36-year-old female complains of chest pain. She is conscious and alert with SpO2 93%. You should:

administer oxygen via nasal cannula at 4 l/min

A sudden, severe increase in blood pressure is called:

hypertensive crisis

During the primary assessment, a 57-year-old female says she has chest pain and points to her epigastric region. What should you do?

Assess breathing

A 62-year-old female complains of chest pain and lightheadedness. Vital signs are BP 88/56, P 126, R 18. What is the best position for this patient?

Supine

A 48-year-old patient complains of difficulty breathing. Patient's history reveals an acute myocardial infarction eight months ago. Vital signs are BP 144/88, P 110, R 24. Chest auscultation reveals crackles in the lung bases. You should suspect:

pulmonary edema

What is the middle muscular layer of the heart?

Myocardium

A cardiac patient has been "down" for six minutes without any care. What should you do?

Start chest compressions

After blood has been oxygenated, it returns to the heart by entering the:

left atrium

Nitroglycerin is a medication which is typically administered:

sublingual

A 57-year-old female developed severe weakness and mild shortness of breath while shoveling snow. She is diaphoretic and complaining of nausea and jaw pain. You should suspect:

Acute myocardial infraction

A 78-year-old diabetic patient with a syncopal episode now complains of anxiety, shortness of breath, and back pain. You should suspect:

acute coronary syndrome

When do the coronary arteries fill with blood?d

diastole