The phrase Hundred Days refers to the

a. time that all banks were closed by FDR.

b. time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plan for combating the Great Depression.

c. "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration.

d. flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency.

e. worst months of the Great Depression.

d

One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that

a. African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.

b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest.

c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans.

d. the South had shifted to the Republican party.

e. a clear gender gap opened up in which more women favored the Democrats.

a

The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was

a. women

b. immigrants

c. skilled men

d. factory workers

e. African Americans

e

The Glass-Steagall Act

a. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily.

b. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange.

c. took the United States off the gold standard.

d. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

e. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings.

d

The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was

a. the near collapse of international trade.

b. runaway inflation.

c. the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father Coughlin.

d. riots by unemployed workers and farmers unable to sell their goods.

e. the collapse of nearly the entire banking system.

e

Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by

a. establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee deposits.

b. reassuring Americans that all their banking deposits were safe.

c. providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks.

d. closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.

e. restoring the gold standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency.

d

The single most popular New Deal program was probably the

a. Works Progress Administration.

b. Agricultural Adjustment Act.

c. Tennessee Valley Authority.

d. Civilian Conservation Corps.

e. National Recovery Administration.

d

All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except

a. there were about three million men in the program.

b. the men were mostly young, hired to work in fresh-air camps.

c. many of the men had had criminal records.

d. CCC workers helped families by sending most of their paychecks home.

e. they worked on reforestation, flood control and swamp drainage projects.

c

The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the

a. National Recovery Administration.

b. Public Works Administration.

c. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act).

d. Social Security Administration.

e. Tennessee Valley Authority.

a

President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was

a. John L. Lewis.

b. Harry Hopkins.

c. None of these

d. George Norris.

e. Mary McLeod Bethune.

b

Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to

a. "share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000.

b. provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security payment.

c. help farmers and workers organize to resist the power of corporations.

d. make Jews pay for causing the Great Depression.

e. nationalize all banks and public utility companies.

a

Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because

a. he thought it was unconstitutional.

b. he believed the problem of drunkenness could be solved by restricting alcohol content to 3.2 percent by weight.

c. he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.

d. drys - those who opposed alcohol - were an increasingly small segment of the population.

e. he needed support from the repeal movement to gain reelection.

c

The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by

a. taxing processors of farm products.

b. increasing taxes on the wealthy.

c. selling government surplus grain.

d. imposing a tax on the sale of farms.

e. raising the tariff.

a

Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.

a. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration

b. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition

c. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment

d. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office

e. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition

e

All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except

a. drought.

b. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment.

c. soil erosion.

d. dry-farming techniques.

e. the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains.

b

In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to

a. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl.

b. find jobs for farmers in industry.

c. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed.

d. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California.

e. help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.

e

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by

a. reducing agricultural production.

b. creating farm cooperatives.

c. subsidizing American farm exports overseas.

d. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment.

e. helping farmers to pay their mortgages.

a

The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they

a. still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley.

b. formed mutually supportive evangelical religious communes.

c. became caught up in radical labor movements.

d. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley.

e. found steady work in the canning industry.

a

The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to

a. halt the sale of stocks on margin (i.e. with borrowed funds).

b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government.

c. enable the Chicago Board of Trade to compete with the New York Stock Exchange.

d. provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices.

e. prevent interlocking directorates and business pyramiding schemes.

d

The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to

a. build housing for poor and middle-class citizens in the region.

b. control floods in the Tennessee and Cumberland valleys.

c. provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry.

d. prevent soil erosion throughout the region.

e. resettle poor farmers on more productive land.

c

The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except

a. unemployment insurance.

b. old-age pensions.

c. health care for the poor.

d. support for the blind and physically handicapped.

e. economic provisions for the blind and disabled.

c

The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that

a. established the Social Security system.

b. guaranteed housing loans to workers.

c. gave labor the right to bargain collectively.

d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA).

e. established the NRA.

c

President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court

a. more sympathetic to New Deal programs.

b. more respectful of the Constitution's original intent.

c. less burdened with appellate cases.

d. more independent of Congress.

e. more conservative.

a

As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession

a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments.

b. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics.

c. Social Security taxes were reduced.

d. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938.

e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.

b

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for

a. attacking the American capitalist system.

b. providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism.

c. undermining state and local governments.

d. aiding big cities at the expense of farmers.

e. ending the Great Depression.

b

Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.

a. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt

b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt

c. affliction with infantile paralysis

d. service in World War I

e. education

c

During the 1930's

a. the states regained influence over the economy.

b. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy.

c. the national debt doubled.

d. business people eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs.

e. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy.

c

After President Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court

a. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional.

b. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine.

c. the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.

d. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940.

e. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court.

c

The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to

a. unskilled workers.

b. skilled workers.

c. employers.

d. trade associations.

e. the unemployed.

a

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to

a. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government.

b. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government.

c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887.

d. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims.

e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.

b

Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through

a. her long resistance to Franklin Roosevelt's personal infidelities.

b. sitting in on Franklin Roosevelt's cabinet meetings when he was governor of New York.

c. her personal association with women's colleges and sororities.

d. running for local offices in New York state.

e. her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations.

e

In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by

a. nationalizing all banks and major industries.

b. mobilizing America's youth as in wartime.

c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism.

d. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

e. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover.

d

When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933

a. he knew exactly what he wanted to do.

b. he at first proceeded cautiously.

c. Congress refused to grant him legislative authority.

d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible.

e. he received unprecedented congressional support.

e

Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to

a. reduce the price of gold.

b. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.

c. stimulate inflation.

d. restore confidence in banks.

e. reduce the amount of money in circulation.

c

The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because

a. the agency did not have enough power to control business.

b. businesses resisted regulation by the agency.

c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator.

d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management.

e. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public.

e

By 1938, the New Deal

a. had lost most of its momentum.

b. had plainly failed to achieve its objectives.

c. had won over a majority of business people to its policies.

d. was prepared to embark on ambitious new initiatives.

e. turned more toward direct relief than social reform.

a

The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to

a. the entire capitalist system.

b. the private electrical utility industry.

c. the automobile industry.

d. white southern racial practices.

e. the Republican party.

b

Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of

a. psychology.

b. anthropology.

c. political science.

d. sociology.

e. economics.

b

Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the

a. Agricultural Adjustment Act.

b. Federal Housing Administration.

c. Social Security Act.

d. Tennessee Valley Authority.

e. Indian Reorganization Act.

d

While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to

a. a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.

b. renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff.

c. appointing some Republicans to his cabinet.

d. maintaining a balanced federal budget.

e. an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible.

e