In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,

a. Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers

b. the Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers

c. the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology

d. there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides

e. Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat

d

In the election of 1896, the major issue became

a. restoration of protective tariffs.

b. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression.

c. free and unlimited coinage of silver

d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers.

e. enactment of an income tax.

c

The first major farmers' organization was the

a. Farmers' Alliance

b. Populist

c. National Grange

d. Greenback Labor Party

e. American Farm Bureau

c

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods _______, and the price received for these goods ______.

a. decreased; increased

b. increased; decreased

c. increased; stayed the same

d. increased; also increased

e. decreased; also decreased

b

The Plain Indians were finally forced to surrender

a. because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare

b. when the army began using artillery against them.

c. by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.

d. when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting.

e. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed.

c

In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed because

a. many of them hoped eventually to migrate to the West

b. the idea of the endlessly open West had been an element of America's history from the beginning.

c. they new that the Homestead Act would no longer do them much good.

d. they thought that there would be a renewal of Indian warfare.

e. they feared that an influx of new western states would strengthen the Populists and other radicals.

b

Sooners were settlers who "jumped the gun" in order to

a. grab town sites in the Dakota's.

b. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada.

c. pan gold in California.

d. claim land in Oklahoma before the territory was legally opened to settlement.

e. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming.

d

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the

a. Battle of Little Big Horn.

b. Dawes Severalty Act.

c. Battle of Wounded Knee.

d. Carlisle Indian School.

e. Sand Creek massacre.

c

One major problem with the Homestead Act was that

a. the government continued to try and maximize its revenue from public lands.

b. it took several years to earn a profit from farming a homestead.

c. midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition from the West.

d. most homesteaders knew little or nothing about farming in the West.

e. 160 acres were inadequate for farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.

e

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian

a. culture

b. education

c. annihilation

d. assimilation

e. prosperity

d

A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by

a. Chief Joseph

b. Joseph F. Glidden

c. Harriet Beecher Stowe

d. William F. Cody

e. Helen Hunt Jackson

e

Which of these is NOT a true statement about women on the frontier?

a. Women worked as prostitutes on the frontier.

b. Frontier women got the right to vote much later than women in the East.

c. Women earned a kind of equality on the frontier.

d. Some women made money running boarding houses.

e. Women found a variety of opportunities in the West.

b

The root cause of the American farmers' problems after 1880 was

a. low prices and deflated currency..

b. the declining number of farms and farmers.

c. the shortage of farm machinery

d. urban growth.

e. foreign competition

a

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they

a. did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement.

b. were not well educated.

c. were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.

d. were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons.

e. were too busy trying to eke out a living.

c

The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by

a. its failure to target landowners

b. regional concentration in the South.

c. its inability to overcome racial divisions in the South.

d. corrupt leadership

e. its political ineptitude.

c

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because

a. the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks.

b. they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans.

c. they could not accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephone.

d. they did not think the Populists represented their political interests.

e. they were not experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers.

a

Jacob Coxey and his army marched on Washington, D.C., to

a. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.

b. demand a larger military budget.

c. demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.

d. protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.

e. try to promote a general strike of all workers.

a

The depression of the 1890's and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a

a. conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties.

b. battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.

c. sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South.

d. contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modern industrial economy like the United States.

e. clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers.

b

Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of the federal government was to

a. maintain a laissez-faire policy.

b. not "rock the boat" of prosperity.

c. defend against foreign enemies.

d. provide aid to big business.

e. overturn the trickle down theory of economics.

d

For farm men and women, Granges were a godsend because

a. they sold farming supplies at a deep discount.

b. their secret rituals kept out people they didn't like.

c. the picnics, concerts, and lectures they offered helped ease their isolation.

d. they helped members join together to take advantage of opportunities via the Homestead Act.

e. they required members to pitch in and help each other during harvest season.

c

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands on when they

a. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to their reservations.

b. traded land for rifles and blankets.

c. chose to migrate farther west.

d. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses.

e. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies on the remaining land.

e

The Buffalo Soldiers were

a. African American cavalry and soldiers who served in the frontier wars.

b. Soldiers who sought to defeat the Indians by depriving them of their primary food supply.

c. U.S. Army units who survived on the plains by killing buffalo.

d. Military officials who criticized George M. Custer's tactics.

e. Soldiers who were killed in the Fetterman massacre.

a

Match each Indian chief below with his tribe.

A. Chief Joseph

B. Sitting Bull

C. Geronimo

1. Nez Perce

2. Sioux

3. Apache

a. A1, B2, C3

b. A3, B1, C2

c. A1, B3, C2

d. A2, B1, C3

e. A3, B2, C1

a

A new round of warfare between the Sioux and U.S. Army began in 1874 when

a. the U.S. Army decided to retaliate for the Fetterman massacre.

b. Sioux Chief Crazy Horse began an effort to drive all whites from Montana and the Dakotas.

c. the federal government announced that it was opening all Sioux land to settlement.

d. Colonel George Custer discovered gold on Sioux land in the Black Hills.

e. Colonel George Custer led an expedition to Little Big Horn, Montana.

d

The Nez Perce Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when

a. gold was discovered on their reservation.

b. the federal government attempted to force them onto a reservation.

c. the Canadian government attempted to force their return to the United States.

d. the Sioux began to migrate on their land.

e. their alliance with the Shoshone required it.

b

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life.

a. C, B, D, A

b. A, B, C, D

c. A, B, D, C

d. B, A, C, D

e. A, D, B, C

b

The safety valve theory that the West dampened class conflict, while exaggerated, did have some validity because

a. free western land did attract many immigrants to the West who might have crowded urban job markets.

b. wealthy western farmers hired many unemployed laborers from eastern cities.

c. western cities had less class conflict than those in the East.

d. eastern city dwellers headed west to get free homesteads during depressions.

e. western farmers tended to be politically more conservative than those in the East.

a

Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders?

a. William "Coin" Harvey

b. Eugene V. Debs

c. Ignatius Donnelley

d. Mary Elizabeth Lease

e. James B. Weaver

b

President Grover Cleveland justified federal intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that

a. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property. Correct!

b. the strike was preventing the transit of U.S. mail.

c. shutting down the railroads threatened national security.

d. the unions leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist.

e. strikes against railroads were illegal.

b

The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of

a. Populist fusion with the Democratic party.

b. the Gold Standard Act.

c. the creation of the Federal Reserve Board.

d. an increase in the international gold supply.

e. McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard.

d