Science test
Outer planets characteristics
-larger than the inner planets
-They do not have solid surfaces
-Outer planets are mostly called gas giants
-Most of the elements in these planets are in a liquid state due to the height pressure and heat inside the planet
-The outermost layer of these planets are cold, but the temperature increases as we go further into the planets
What is the largest planet in our solar system?
Jupiter
What is Jupiter mainly composed of?
Hydrogen and helium
Why are most of the outer planets colder than the inner ones?
They are cold due to their great distance from the sun.
How many moons does Jupiter have?
Jupiter has at least 63 moons surrounding it.
What kind of atmosphere does Jupiter have?
Jupiter has a thick atmosphere.
How big is Jupiter's red spot?
Jupiter's red spot is bigger than earth.
How much greater is Jupiter's atmospheric pressure to Eath's?
Jupiter's atmospheric pressure is 2.4 times greater than Earth's.
What so scientists think Jupiter's core is made out of?
They think it's a dense core of rock and iron with a thick mantle of liquid.
How many times greater is Jupiter's core compared to Earth's atmospheric pressure.
It is estimated to be more than 30 million times greater than Earth's atmospheric pressure.
What are the moon Galileo discovered called?
Galilean Moons
What is Jupiter's largest moon?
Ganymede
WHich of Jupiter's moon has more than 300 volcanoes?
Io
Which of Jupiter's moons is covered with ice and might have liquid water below the ice, which has potential for life?
Europa
Which moon is Jupiter's second largest moon and has the most craters?
Callisto
Which planet is the second largest planet in our solar system?
Saturn
Does Saturn have a thick atmosphere?
Yes
What elements are Saturn mainly composed of?
Hydrogen and helium
Which planet has an unusual 6 sided cloud pattern?
Saturn
What are Saturn's rings made of?
They are made of chunks of ice and rocks.
How are Saturn's rings kept in place?
It is kept in place by the gravity of Saturn's moons.
What is Saturn's largest moon?
Titan
What is Titan mainly made of?
Hydrogen and methane
What moon has a thick atmosphere?
Titan
How much larger is Uranus compared to Earth?
Uranus is about 4 times larger than Earth.
Why does Uranus have a blue green color?
It's mainly because of it's methane.
Does Uranus have rings?
Yes
How does Uranus rotates?
It rotates from top to bottom
How long does Uranus rotates per day?
17 hours
What do Saturn's five largest moons have?
They have icy cratered surfaces. They also have lava that flows on their surface.
How many moons does Uranus have that we have discovered so far?
27 moons
Why is Neptune blue?
It is blue due to methane
What is Neptune's biggest moon?
Triton
DId Neptune use to have a dark spot?
Yes
How many moons does Neptune have?
14 moons
How does scientist classify asteroids and comets?
They classify them by their size, shape, composition, and orbits.
Asteroid Belt
a region of asteroids that separate Jupiter and Mars
Kuiper Belt
a region of mostly dwarf planets beyond Neptune's orbit, extending 100 times Earth's distance from the sun.
Oort cloud
a special region of comets, extending more than 1,000 times the distance between Neptune and the sun
Dwarf planets
objects that orbit the sun, and are spherical, but they have other objects in the area of their orbits
What were the five dwarf planets scientists identified in 2012?
Pluto, Eris, MakeMake, Haumea, and Ceres.
Comets
loose collection of ice, dust, and rock with very long narrow eclipse
What is the outer layer called of a comet when it gets close to the sun?
The coma
What is the inner core of a comet called?
the nucleus
How long can a comets tail be?
It can be more than 100 millions km long
Asteroids
Rocky objects too small to be considered dwarf planets
How small are asteroids?
They are less than a km in diameter
What are the biggest asteroids?
Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, and Hygiea
Which of Jupiter's moons is covered with ice and might have liquid water below the ice, which has potential for life?
Europa
Meteoroids
Chunks of rock or metal smaller than asteroids
Meteor
when a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, creating what we call shooting stars
Meteorites
when a meteoroid pass through Earth’s atmosphere and are found on it’s surface, often leaving craters much larger than its actual size
When did the Great Space Race happen?
1957-1970s
When did Russia first launch sputnik 1?
it was launched in 1957
What was Us first satellite called?
Explorer 1
When was Explorer 1 launched?
1958
What does NASA stand for?
National Aeronautics and space administration
When was NASA created?
It was created in 1958
What did NASA do?
It brought together talented scientists and engineers to solve the technical problems of space flight
Who was the first person in space?
Yuri Gagarin
When was Yuri Gagarin sent into space?
He was sent in 1961
Who was the first American to go into space but did not orbit the Earth?
Alan Shepard
When was Alan Shepard sent into space?
A month after Russia sent their first man into space
Who was the first American to orbit the Earth, which he did it 3 times.
John Glenn
When was John Glenn sent into space?
In 1962
When was the Apollo program created and who created it?
It was created in 1961 and John F. Kennedy launched it
Who were the first men on the moon?
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
When did the first man on the moon arrive?
July 20, 1969
What spacecraft did they enter ty moon on?
Eagle
How many lunar samples did astronauts collect?
382 lunar samples
Who studied the lunar samples?
Andrea B. Mosie
What agency launched an unpioloted space craft, when, and why did they do it?
The European Space Agency launched the space craft in 2003 to collect data for a lunar map.
Space Shuttles
a space craft that could carry a crew into space, return to earth, and could be used again
What are space stations used for?
Long term observations and experiments
What are space probes used for?
To collect data about the solar system and send it back to earth
When did Dr. Ellen Ochoa join NASA?
She joined in 1991
How many space hours did Dr. Ellen Ochoa log in?
She logged in more than 900 hours in space
What did Dr. Ellen Ochoa invent?
She invented 3 systems that collect information from images using optical devices
Vacuum
a place that is empty of all matter except for a few atoms and molecules
DSN (Deep Space Network)
collection of powerful antennas that command, track and monitor space crafts at a long distance
At DSN how many feet are their large antennas?
About 230 feet
Galaxies
made of stars, planets, and dust clouds that are bound together by gravity
How much stars can a large galaxy hold?
About a trillion stars
How many stars can a small galaxy hold?
About a few thousand stars
Clusters
a group of thousands of galaxies
supercluster
group of clusters with no mutual galaxy
How many light years across is the Milky Way?
100,000 light years across
Local group
group of approximately 59 other galaxies including the Milky Way
Supernova
death/explosion of a giant star
Explanet
any planet outside our solar system
rogue Planet
a planet that does not orbit a star
What is the closest exoplanet to us!
Proxima Centaurib