Which instrument has the appearance of a misshapen pancake spatula?

Davidson scapula retractor

How many ribs are considered "true" ribs with direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage?

seven

For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred?

removal of foreign body in children

Lung tissue has what kind of consistency?

friable

Which nerve could be damaged during lung decortication resulting in paralysis or partial paralysis of the diaphragm?

phrenic

In which procedure would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope?

bronchoscopy

Which structure within the respiratory tract is proximal and superior?

larynx

Which of the following are the final branchings of the respiratory tree?

alveoli

Then manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are portions of the:

sternum

All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum EXCEPT:

diaphragm

Which membrane covers the outer surface of the lungs?

visceral pleura

What is the medical term for coughing up blood?

hemoptysis

How many lobes are there in the right lung?

three

In which part of the respiratory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?

alveoli

Which of the following regarding blood flow is correct?

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium

What is the name of the device that is attached to suction for collection of mucous or bronchial washing specimens?

Lukens tube

What is the medical term for visible changes in density on chest x-ray that indicates pulmonary pathology?

infiltrate

Thymomas, neurogenic tumors, and pleuropericardial cysts can be biopsied during which procedure

mediastinoscopy

Where is the insertion point for the mediastinoscope?

suprasternal notch

What is the name of an air-filled sac that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue?

bleb

In the event that a VATS procedure had to be converted to an open procedure, which open case would be performed?

thoracotomy

Which of the following will be required upon completion of any procedure in which the pleural cavity has been opened?

Chest tube attached to a Pleur-evac system

Which additional pain control measure is taken for patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair by VATS?

epidural

What is the name of the procedure performed to release constriction of the lungs by fibrin layers?

lung decortication

The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is:

empyema