Cylindrical Body

It contains visceral organs and a series of ventrolateral limbs

Segmentation

insects evolved from segmented ‘worm-like’ ancestors
• Segmented bodies define all arthropods,
joints and limbs
• Segments reduced and fused over evolutionary time
• Adapted to specific functions

Insect Head has

Feeding appendages

Sensory organs to detect chage in odor, color, moisture, sound and touch

Contains brain

At base, cells border

noncellular basement membrane, which acts as a barrier between epidermis and hemolymph

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Lead Cable Borer ( A beetle)

Scobicia declivis

chew through lead sheathing of telephone cables

Locomotion is included in insects with

wings and legs that fly long distances

Modification bee legs are used to

collect pollen

What types of stuff are on modification bee legs

pollen basket or long setae(plumose hairs) on hind legs

The abdomen contains what

visceral organs including

- alimentary canal

- dorsal circulatory vessel

- Excretion organs

- Reproductive Organs

The segment inside the abdomen contain

spiracles

Spiracles

openings to the environment for gas exchange

Cerci (primitive groups may have this )

Paired appendages at the end of the abdomen

_ Some are sensory n others use in copulation or defense

Ovipositors (females)

used to deposit eggs

Exoskeleton

hardened, jointed cuticle that covers the body

What functions are the exo

-support of muscles

- barrier for water loss & disease elements

- Predators are prevented through coloration

- determines the form and size of insect

Chitin

polyaccharide, major constituent of insect procuticle

Structure of Chitin

hard and rigid (sclerotized to form the exocuticle

Three basic components for the exoskeleton

1. Tough, outer non cellular cuticle

2. A single layer of cells: epidermis

3. Inner sheet of connective tissue: Basement membrane

Basement membrane

thin sheet that supports cells in animal tissues

Resilin

rubber like protein

Three different types of proteins in exo/endocuticle shell

Rigid cuticle, flexibility and elasticity

Epidermis

epidermal cells organized in a single layer with a microvilli surface for cuticle secretion

During the process of molting in the epidermis, what happens?

Pore canal transports secretions to the procuticle

At base, cells border

noncellular basement membrane, which as a barrier between epidermis and hemplymph

Lead Cable Borer

Scobicia declivis

chew through lead sheathing of telephone cables

Most colors are produced where

in the cuticle

Cutile and deeper tissues contribute to

production of color patterns

Insect bodies consist of what form of body?

Cylindrical Body

Phasmatodea

change color btw day and night

Color change is related to the movement of

pigment granules in epidermis

What happens to phasmatodea when clusted

given a pale color between day and night

Pigmentary colors are a

range of chemical compounds that serve as pigment

Excretory products are no longer used in

biochemical pathways

Pigments may also be absorbed through what

food

The physical shape and thickness of cuticles produce

color

Iridescence caused by

differential refraction of light waves

Helicoidal arrangement

Cuticle produces iridescent metallic coloration in beetles and flies