What is an element?

A fundamental item that can't be easily broken down further

What is a molecule?

A group of elements bonded together

What is a compound?

Chemical substances made up of two or more elements that are chemically bound together in a fixed ratio

What is an independent variable?

A variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

What is a dependent variable?

What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

What is quantitative data?

Measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers

What is qualitative data?

Data representing information and concepts that are not represented by numbers

What is objective data?

Fact-based data that is both measurable and observable

What is subjective data?

Subjective data comes from feelings, experiences, opinions, and thoughts

What is a polar molecule?

Molecules that have a dipole or an uneven distribution of charge across their geometry resulting in one side being positive and the other side negative

What causes a molecule to become polar?

Unequal distribution of the negatively charged electrons in the orbitals of the molecule

What role does hydrogen bonding play in the main properties of water?

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules give water its high boiling point, high heat capacity, and surface tension

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides/ Carbon 2 Hydrogen and one oxygen molecule, the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs, sugars, starches, and fiber.

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of lipids?

Glycerol and fatty acids, move and storing energy, absorb vitamins and make hormones, steroids, phospholipids

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of amino acids?

Amino acids are a monomer, they make peptide which makes protein

What are the monomers, main functions, and examples of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides, are the individual units that constitute DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide is composed of three essential components: a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA), and a nitrogenous base.

What is a histogram?

A graph that shows the frequency of numbers

Whats the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

Endothermic absorbs energy, exothermic releases energy

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic graphs?

Exothermic graphs start higher

What is hydrolysis?

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to water

What is dehydration synthesis?

Occurs when two molecules or compounds are joined to form a larger molecule following the removal of water

Whats the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular?

Intramolecular forces are those within the molecule that keep the molecule together, for example, the bonds between the atoms. Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules, which determine many of the physical properties of a substance.

What do carbohydrate biomelcules look like?

Hexagon

What do lipid biomolecules look like?

Tentacle poll

What do nucleic acid biomolecules look like?

Hexagons with ball rectangles sticking out

What do protein biomolecules look like?

Balls

What are the main types and uses of light microscopes?

Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, differential interference, and fluorescent microscopes, to make small structures and samples visible by providing a magnified image of how they interact with visible light

What are the main types and uses of electron microscopes?

TEM, SEM, REM,

What is endosymbiosis?

When a large cell would absorb a smaller cell like a mitochondria or chlorplast then combine with it.

What are the differences between simple and facilitated diffusion?

In simple diffusion, molecules move without the assistance of membrane proteins, whereas in facilitated diffusion, membrane proteins assist molecules in their movement downward

Why does our plasma membrane form into a bilayer structure?

Because their fatty acid tails are poorly soluble in water, phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous solutions, with the hydrophobic tails buried in the interior of the membrane and the polar head groups exposed on both sides, in contact with water

What is a meniscus?

A meniscus is a curve in the surface of a molecular substance (water, of course) when it touches another material

What is the difference between hypo and hypertonic?

A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume.

What type of fatty acid is solid at room temperature?

Saturated fats

What do bacteria do to overcome adversity?

They spore

True or false: Conjugation is a form of reproduction

True: It is a form of sexual reproduction between bacteria

True or false: All carbohydrates are soluble in water

True

What are isotopes?

Isotopes are elements that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons