Name the enzyme: catalyze oxidation reduction reactions

Oxidoreductases

Ex. alcohol dehydrogenase (oxidation with NAD+)

Name the enzyme: catalyze transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another

Transferases

Ex. Hexokinase (phosphorylation)

Name the enzyme: catalyze hydrolytic cleavage

Hydrolases

Ex. carboxypeptidase A (peptide bond cleavage)

Name the enzyme: Catalyze removal of a group from or addition of a group to a double bond or other cleavage involving electron rearrangement

Lyases

Ex. Pyruvate decarboxylase (decarboxylation)

Name the enzyme: catalyze intramolecular arrangement of molecule

Isomerases

Ex. maleate isomerase (cis-trans isomerization)

Name the enzyme: Catalyze reactions in which 2 molecules are joined

Ligase

Ex. pyruvate carboxylase

Name the base:

Adenine (Purine - 2 rings)

Name the base:

Guanine (Purine - 2 rings)

Name the base:

Cytosine (Pyrimidine)

Name the base:

Thymine (Pyrimidine)

Name the base:

Uracil (RNA Only - Pyrimidine)

Name the amino acid

Glycine (Gly, G)

- smallest molecule, achiral

- Nonpolar, aliphatic

Name the amino acid

Alanine (Ala,A)

- Nonpolar, alipathic

Name the amino acid

Valine (Val,V)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

Name the amino acid

Isoleucine (2S,3S)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

Ile, I

Name the amino acid

Leucine (Leu,L)

Nonpolar, Aliphatic

Name the amino acid

Proline (Pro, P)

Nonpolar, only amino acid with secondary amine ring in backbone

Name the amino acid

Methionine (Met, M)

Nonpolar

Name the amino acid

Phenylalanine (Phe, F)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

Name the amino acid

Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

- OH can be phosphorylated

Name the amino acid

Tryptophan (Trp, W)

- Nonpolar, Aromatic

- contributes the most to UV absorbance at 280 nm compared to Tyr

Name the amino acid

Glutamine (Gln, Q)

- Polar

Name the amino acid

Cysteine (Cys, C)

- Polar

- 2 cysteine molecules can form a disulfide bond (with -SH, thiol)

Name the amino acid

Asparagine (Asn, N)

- Polar

Name the amino acid

Threonine (Thr, T)

- OH can be phosphorylated

- Polar

- 2S, 3R

Name the amino acid

Serine (Ser, S)

- OH can be phosphorylated

- Polar

Name the amino acid

Histidine (His, H)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

- Used in many enzymes catalysis since the side chain pKa (6) is around the physiological pH

Name the amino acid

Arginine (Arg, R)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

Name the amino acid

Lysine (Lys, K)

- Polar, Positively-Charged, Basic

Name the amino acid

Glutamic Acid (Glu, E)

- Polar, Negatively Charged, Acidic

Name the amino acid

Aspartic Acid (Asp, D)

- Polar, Negatively Charged, Acidic

Name the structure

NAD+

Name the structure

NADH

Name the structure

NADPH

Name the structure

FAD+ vs. FADH

Name the structure

Glycerophospholipid

- lipid with phosphate containing head group

- When R3 is is H, the structure is a phosphatidic acid.

- Part of membrane lipids

Name the structure

Spingosine

- sphingolipids are built on the amino alcohol spingospine, rather than glycerol

- includes long chain tail, so it requires the addition on one fatty acid tail to make a suitable membrane lipid

Name the structure

Glycerol

- does not have any stereocenters. When it is derivatized, the symmetric molecules becomes asymmetric (pro-chiral) when bound to enzyme

Name the structure

Glycospingolipids

- includes cerebrosides, gangliosides which are common in membranes of the brain and nerve cells

Name the structure

Glycoglycerolipids

- widespread in plants and bacterial membrane

Name the structure

Cholesterol

Name the structure

triaglycerol

Name the sugar

Glucose

Name the sugar

Mannose

Name the sugar

Galactose

Name the sugar

Fructose

Name the disaccharide

Maltose

B-d-glcp (1 to 4) B-d-glcp

Name the disaccharide

Sucrose

a - D -glcp (1 to 2) B-D-fruf

Name the disaccharide

Lactose

B-d-Galp (1 to 4) B-d-Glcp