Athenian Agora, Artist/Culture

Greek

Anavysos Kouros, Artist/Culture

Greek

Peplos Kore from the Acropolis, Artist/Culture

Greek

Niobides Krater, Artist/Culture

Niobid Painter (Greek)

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Artist/Culture

Polykleitos (Greek)

Acropolis, Artist/Culture

Iktinos and Kallikrates (Greek)

Grave Stele of Hegeso, Artist/Culture

Kallimachos (Greek)

Winged Victory of Samothrace, Artist/Culture

Greek

Great Alter of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon, Artist/Culture

Greek

Seated Boxer, Artist/Culture

Greek

Athenian Agora

Anavysos Kouros

Peplos Kore from the Acropolis

Niobides Krater

image is of a rendition of the bronze original, not the Roman marble copy

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Acropolis

Parthenon

Helios, Horses, and Dionysus

Plaque of the Ergastines

Temple of Athena Nike

Victory (Nike) Adjusting Her Sandal

Grave Stele of Hegeso

Winged Victory of Samothrace

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

Athena Frieze

Seated Boxer

Athenian Agore, Style

Archaic through Hellenistic

Anavysos Kouros, Style

Archaic

Peplos Kore, Style

Archaic

Niobides Krater, Style

Classical

Doryphoros, Style

Classical

Acropolis, Style

Classical

Grave Stele of Hegeso, Style

Classical

Winged Victory of Samothrace, Style

Hellenistic

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon, Style

Hellenistic

Seated Boxer, Style

Hellenistic

Athenian Agora, Medium

Plan

Anavysos Kouros, Medium

Marble and Paint

Peplos Kore, Medium

Marble and Paint

Niobides Krater, Medium

Clay, red-figure technique with white highlights

Doryphoros, Medium

Roman Marble Copy of Greek Bronze Original

Acropolis, Medium

Marble

Grave Stele of Hegeso, Medium

Marble and paint

Winged Victory of Samothrace, Medium

Marble

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon, Medium

Marble

Seated Boxer, Medium

Bronze

Athenian Agora, Location

Athens, Greece

Peplos Kore, Location

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

Acropolis, Location

Athens, Greece

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena, Location

Pergamon, Turkey

Acropolis

Greek, "high city," means a rugged, raised rock; site of the city's most important temple(s)

Acroterion

acroteria (pl); sculpture in the round placed on a roof

Agora

an open square or space used for public meetings or business in Ancient Greece

Amphiprostyle

having four columns both in the front and rear of a temple

Black-figure

silhouetting of dark figures against a light background of natural, reddish clay, with linear details incised through the silhouettes

Cella

the main shrine room of a temple where a cult statue is housed

Contraposto

a graceful arrangement of the body based on tilted shoulders and hips and bent knees

encaustic

paint made of pigment mixed with wax

entablature

lintel above the columns; contains the architrave and the frieze

entasis

slight bulging or curve in the shaft of a column to correct the visual illusion of concavity

fluted shaft

shallow vertical grooves running along the long, narrow cylinder that comprises the majority of the column

frieze

a broad horizontal band of decoration and/or sculpture on architecture

gigantomachy

battle between gods and giants in Greek mythology

Isocephalism

tradition of depicting heads of figures on the same level; implies a single ground line

kiln

an oven used for making pottery

kouros (m) / kore (f)

an archaic Greek sculpture of an idealized standing youth

krater

a large Ancient Greek bowl used for mixing water and wine

lost-wax casting

a sculpture that is carved out of clay and dipped in wax; the sculpture is put into a clay casting and heated so that the wax will drip out of a hole at the bottom; as a result, space is left between the clay casting and the clay interior; molten metal is then poured into this space; after cooling, the case is cracked so that the now-metal sculpture can be released

metopes

space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze; often decorated with low relief carving

order

a style represented by a characteristic design of the columns and entablature

panathenaic way

a ceremonial road for a procession built to honor Athena

parapet

low protective wall or barrier

parthenos

virgin; often used to refer to Athena as Athena Parthenosq

pediment

the triangular top of a classical building; typically on top of an entablature and a portico

peplos

a garment worn by women in Ancient Greece, usually full length and tied at the waist

peristyle

colonnade around the perimeter of the building

red-figure

in later Greek pottery, the silhouetting of red figures against a black background, with painted linear details; the reverse of black-figure painting

stoa

covered walkway attached to a building; used as a framing device for the structure

stylobate

the floor of a temple

triglyph

part of a Doric entablature frieze; has three vertical grooves

wet drapery

deeply incised drapery that is clingy and tight so that it reveals the shape of the body

House of the Vettii

Alexander Mosaic

Head of a Roman Patrician

Augustus of Prima Porta

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

Forum of Trajan

Trajan Markets

Basilica Ulpia

Column of Trajan

Pantheon

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

House of the Vettii, Artist/Culture

Roman

Alexander Mosaic, Artist/Culture

Roman

Head of a Roman Patrician, Artist/Culture

Roman

Augustus of Prima Porta, Artist/Culture

Roman

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), Artist/Culture

Roman

Forum of Trajan, Artist/Culture

Apollodorus of Damascus

Pantheon, Artist/Culture

Roman

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, Artist/Culture

Roman

House of the Vettii, Style

Early Empire

Alexander Mosaic, Style

Republic

Head of a Roman Patrician, Style

Republic

Augustus of Prima Porta, Style

Early Empire

Forum of Trajan, Style

High Empire

Pantheon, Style

High Empire

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, Style

Late Empire

House of the Vettii, Medium

Cut stone and fresco

Alexander Mosaic, Medium

Mosaic

Head of a Roman Patrician, Medium

Marble

Colosseum, Medium

Stone and Concrete

Forum of Trajan, Medium

Brick and Concrete (architecture); marble (columns)

Pantheon, Medium

concrete with stone facing

Ludovisi Battle Sarchophagus, Medium

Marble

House of the Vettii, Location

Pompeii, Italy

Alexander Mosaic, Location

House of Faun, Pompeii

Colosseum, Location

Rome, Italy

Forum of Trajan, Location

Rome, Italy

Pantheon, Location

Rome, Italy

apse

the semicircular rounded end of a basilica OR the endpoint of a church where the altar is located

arcade

an open-air courtyard in a Roman house or forum

Basilica

in Roman and Christian architecture, an axially planned building with a long nave, side aisles, and apses (in Christian architecture, this is where the altar is placed)

bust

a sculpture depicting a head, neck, and upper chest of a figure

clerestory

the top of a church nave that is windowed and lets in light

coffer

in architecture, a sunken panel in a ceiling to lighten the weight of the ceiling

cubicula

small underground rooms in catacombs serving as mortuary chapels OR a roman bedroom flanking an atrium

cupola/dome

a rounded, circular roof; achieved by rotating an arch on its axis 180 degrees

engaged column

a column that is still attached to a wall

foreshortening

a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space

forum

a public square with market place in a Roman city

fresco

a painting technique that involves applying paint onto a freshly plastered wall; the paint forms a bond with the plaster and becomes durable and long-lasting

impluvium

a rectangular basin in a Roman house that is placed in the open-air atrium in order to collect rain water

keystone

the center stone of an arch that holds the others in place

mosaic

a decoration using pieces of stone, marble, or colored glass, called tesserae, that are cemented to a wall or floor

nave

the main aisle of a church

oculus

a round opening at the top of a dome

peristyle

an atrium surrounded by columns in a Roman house

perspective

depth and recession in a painting

linear perspective

a mathematical system for creating the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface

orthogonals

straight lines emanating from the vanishing point

horizon line

the physical line at which sky meets land; this will be wherever the vanishing point is

vanishing point

a point in the picture plane that is the intersection of orthogonals

atmospheric/aerial perspective

the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance (contrast decreases; colors become less saturated)

portrait bust

a sculptured representation of the upper part of the human figure including the head and neck and usually part of the shoulders and breast

taberna

single-room shops covered by a wide doorway

tesserae

small pieces of colored stone or marble; used to create a mosaic

vault

a ceiling constructed with arches

barrel vault

an arch extended into space horizontally that is curved at the top

groin vault

two intersecting barrel vaults

veristic

sculptures from the Roman Republic characterized by extreme realism (and even exaggeration) of facial features

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Temple of Minerva

Tomb of the Triclinium

Sculpture of Apollo

Sarcophagus of the Spouses, Artist/Culture

Etruscan

Temple of Minerva and Sculpture of Apollo, Artist/Culture

Master Sculptor Vulca

Tomb of the Triclinium, Artist/Culture

Etruscan

Sarcophagus of the Spouses, Medium

Terra Cotta

Temple of Minerva and Sculpture of Apollo, Medium

original temple of wood, mud brick, and tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture

Tomb of the Triclinium, Medium

tufa and fresco

Temple of Minerva and Sculpture of Apollo, Location

Veli, Italy

Tomb of the Triclinium, Location

Tarquinia, Italy

acroterion

sculptures in the round placed on the roof

necropolis

literally a "city of the dead," large burial area

fresco

a painting technique that involves applying paint onto a freshly plastered wall; the paint forms a bond with the plaster and becomes durable and long-lasting

tufa

a type of limestone

tumulus

burial mounds in Etruscan architecture, tumuli covered one or more subterranean multi-chambered tombs cut out of the local tufa

triclinium

a dining table in ancient Italy that has a couch on three sides for reclining at meals

tuscan

an order of ancient architecture featuring slender, smooth wooden columns that sit on simple bases; no carvings on frieze or capitals