meiosis

type of cell division that occurs in the sex cells

reduction division

creates egg and sperm with half the chromosomes as the parent cell

autosome

body chromosome, identified by number

sex chromosome

chromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring

X or Y, Female XX, Male XY

somatic cell

typical body cell, such as a skin cell, muscle cell, bone cell

gamete

egg or sperm

cells for sexual reproduction

haploid

cell that contains half the number of chromosomes

diploid

cells that contain 2 copies of each type of chromosome

# chromosomes in a human somatic cell

46

# of chromosomes in a human gamete

23

tetrad

pairs of homologous chromosomes

homologous chromosomes

chromosomes that contain the same kind of information

p arm

short arm of chromosome

q arm

long arm of chromosome

chromosome band

location of the gene on a chromosome (5p3)

crossing over

swapping of genes between two homologous chromosomes (happens during Prophase I-Metaphase I of meiosis)

oogenesis

production of egg cells

spermatogenesis

production of the sperm cells

Number of cells produced at the end of meiosis

4 cells that are unique