The structures within all living cells that contain the genetic material are called

chromosomes

Which of the following are the major components of a chromosome?

Protein, DNA

A chromosome contains a very long segment of_______ , which is bound to _____that provide structure.

DNA , Proteins

What is chromatin?

A complex between DNA and proteins that is found in eukaryotic cells

Which term best describes organisms whose chromosomes are not contained within a membrane-bound nucleus?

prokaryotes

The ____of a prokaryotic cell is the region of cytoplasm that contains the chromosome.

Nucleotid

Chromosomes are best defined as ______.

the structures within living cells that contain the genetic material

In this figure of a bacterial cell, which of the following labels are correctly matched with their appropriate structures?

Answer: C, E

Chromatin

Prokaryotes, which include the _____ and the ______, are organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Bacteria, Archaea

Prokaryotes usually have a single type of circular chromosome in a region of the cytoplasm called the ______.

nucleoid

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

Fungi

Protists

Plants

This diagram depicts a eukaryotic cell. Match the letter to the correct structure.

Which term best describes organisms whose chromosomes are not contained within a membrane-bound nucleus?

prokaryotes

An organelle is ______.

a structure within the cytoplasm with a specific function.

Organisms, such as protists and fungi, that have a true nucleus are called

Eukaryotes

The _____of a eukaryote is the organelle that contains most of the genetic material found in the cell.

nucleus

Which of the following organelles contain their own DNA?

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

In this figure of a eukaryotic cell, which of the following labels are correctly matched with their appropriate structures?

C = Lysosome

A = Mitochondrion

B = Centriole

What is cytogenetics?

The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes.

In eukaryotes, ______are membrane-bound structures that have specific functions.

Organelles

Which of the following best describes the nucleus?

An organelle of eukaryotes that is surrounded by two membranes.

In general, the chromosome number of a particular species ______.

is the same for all individuals of the species

In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic organelles called the____ and the ____contain a small amount of their own DNA.

mitochondria,Chloroplast

The following are steps used in the procedure for making a karyotype. Arrange them in order, starting with the first step at the top.

The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes is called .

cytogeneticist

Which is the best definition of a karyotype?

An organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell

True or false: Most eukaryotic species are haploid or have such a phase as a significant part of their life cycle.

False

Organisms, such as protists and fungi, that have a true nucleus are called

Eukaryotes

A diploid cell is defined as a cell that has ______.

two sets of chromosomes

True or false: Each species has a particular chromosome composition.

True

The procedure for making a karyotype includes all of the following steps except______.

A normal human somatic cell carries ______ pairs of chromosomes for a total of ______.

23 ; 46

An organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell is called a(n)

Karyotype

Which of the following statements about eukaryotes is true?

Most eukaryotic species are diploid or have a diploid phase to their life cycle.

In a ______ cell, each type of chromosome is a member of a pair.

diploid

In a diploid cell, each member of a pair of chromosomes is called a(n) ______.

homolog

The two members of a homologous pair of chromosomes may carry different versions of a given gene, which are called ____

Alleles

Insert a number into the blank: Most human somatic cells contain a total of chromosomes.

46

The position of a gene on a chromosome, such as gene A in the image, is called its ______.

locus

Unicellular prokaryotic organisms proliferate by ____ reproduction, in which a preexisting cell divides to produce two new cells.

Asexual

Each type of chromosome in a diploid cell is found in a homologous pair. Each chromosome in such a pair is referred to as a(n)

Homologos

Most bacterial cells divide by ______.

binary fission

______ are different versions of the same gene.

Alleles

The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of ______ phases called ______.

four; G₁, G₂, S, and M

A(n)____ refers to the physical location of a gene.

Locus

Which of the following best describes asexual reproduction?

A mother cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Which of the following are part of interphase?

S

G₂

G₁

This figure shows a bacterium reproducing asexually by a process known as

binary fission

A cell, such as most nerve cells in an adult mammal that will never divide again, is in the ______ phase.

G₀

Eukaryotic cells that are destined to divide progress through G₁, S, G₂, and M phases, which are collectively known as the

Cell cycle

The following is a diagram of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Match the letter to the appropriate phase.

In mitosis, the restriction point is ______.

the time in the G₁ phase at which the cell becomes “committed” to the cell cycle

In actively dividing cells, the G₁, S, and G₂ phases are collectively known as

Interphase

After replication, each chromosome consists of two copies called

Chromatids

Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is considered a "resting" stage, where cells can remain permanently, or for long periods of time?

G₀

This figure depicts the cell cycle in eukaryotes, including the M phase. Match the letter to the appropriate phase.

Late in the G₁ phase, many cell types become committed to progress through the rest of the cell cycle. When this occurs, the cell has reached a(n)

Restriction point

A pair of sister chromatids is also called a ______.

dyad

The centromere is a ______.

region of the chromosome where the sister chromatids join

The two copies of a replicated chromosome are called ______.

sister chromatids

The kinetochore serves which of the following functions?

It aids in chromosome sorting during mitosis.

A cell, such as most nerve cells in an adult mammal that will never divide again, is in the ______ phase.

G₀

The box in this karyotype highlights which of the following?

A pair of homologous chromosomes

A monad can be described as ______.

an unreplicated chromosome

The two chromatids of a chromosome are joined together at a region of DNA called the

centromere

When S phase is completed, a cell has _______ in the G₁ phase.

twice as many chromatids as chromosomes

The ____is a protein-complex that is bound to the centromere, and which plays a key role in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

kinetochore

This diagram shows a pair of .

sister chromatids

After a mitotic division is complete, a daughter cell has 40 chromosomes. Which of the following best describes the chromosome composition of the mother cell in the G₂ phase?

The term that can refer to either a dyad (pair of sister chromatids) or a monad (single chromatid) is a(n)

chromosome

The primary purpose of mitosis is to ______.

distribute the replicated chromosomes equally into the two daughter cells