place value

A system that gives a digit a value based on its position in a number

If you move a digit to the left, _______________

it increases by 10x the amount

If you move a digit to the right, _______________

it is now 10x smaller

expanded form

a way to write a number as the sum of the values of each digit

(example: 4,198 in expanded form is 4,000 + 100 + 90 + 8)

standard notation or standard form

the most common way of writing numbers (just digits)

exponent

A number used to tell how many times to multiply a base number by itself

(example: 10³ is also 10 x 10 x 10, which equals 1,000) (3 is the exponent)

(example: 8² is also 8 x 8, which equals 64) (2 is the exponent)

base

The number that is multiplied based on the exponent

(example: 10³ is also 10 x 10 x 10, which equals 1,000) (10 is the base)

(example: 8² is also 8 x 8, which equals 64) (8 is the base)

power of 10

a number that can be written as a product of 10s

(example: 10⁴ can be rewritten as 10 x 10 x 10 x 10, which equals 10,000) (we say this "10 to the power of 4")

extended multiplication fact

Variations of multiplication facts that involve multiplies of 10, 100, and so on

(example: an extended multiplication fact would be 50 x 3 or 300 x 5, instead of 3 x 5)

estimate

an answer close to the exact answer

partial products multiplication

a way to get the product of a multiplication problem by breaking the problem up into smaller chunks and adding them together

area model multiplication

a way to get the product of a multiplication problem by treating the numbers in the problem like the length and width of a rectangle

measurement unit

the unit used when measuring something in weight, length, volume, capacity, temperature, or speed

(examples: inches, centimeters, feet, pounds, ounces, hours, seconds)

algorithm

step-by-step instructions for how to solve a problem

(example: the algorithm for finding the area of a rectangle is to multiply length times width)

efficient

to do something easily and quickly

dividend

the number in a division problem that is being divided

(example: in the problem 35 ÷ 7 = 5, the dividend is 35)

divisor

the number in a division problem that divides another number

(example: in the problem 35 ÷ 7 = 5, the divisor is 7)

quotient

the answer to a division problem

(example: in the problem 35 ÷ 7 = 5, the quotient is 5)

remainder

an amount left over when one number is divided by another number

(example: if 38 books are divided into 5 equal piles, there will be 7 books in each pile with 3 books left over. The remainder is 3, and the answer can be written as 38 ÷ 5 = 7 R 3

partial quotients division

a way to divide a number in which the dividend is divided by smaller divisors first, then added together