4 primary tissue types are:

Epithelium
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle

Define Tissue

Groups of cell that are similar in structure and function

Tissues are organized into _______

Organs

Study of tissues

Histology

Tissue that:
lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface

Epithelium

These set of tissues
pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat.
Also the major function is to contract

Muscle

These set of tissues
- transmits electrochemical impulses
- most involved in regulating and controlling body functions
- forms nerves and the brain

Nervous tissue

These set of tissues
-cells may absorb, secrete, and filter
- synthesize hormones

Epithelium

These set of tissues:
- anchors, packages, and supports body organs
- most DURABLE tissue type
- abundant non-living extracellular matrix

Connective tissue

Most widespread tissue in the body

Connective tissue

5 general characteristics of Epithelial tissue

- Polarirty (apical and basal)
- Cells fit closely
- Supprted by connective tissue
- Avascularity
- Regeneration

what does POLARITY of the epithelial tissue mean?

The membranes always have 2 surfaces
free surface- Apical surface (top)
bottom surface- Basal surface (bottom)

The epithelial cells (Basal lamina) and _________ and ____________ (________ lamina) lies adjacent to each other.

Connective cells (Reticular lamina)

2 criteria epithelial tissues are classified?

# of layers and cell shape

5 major functions of epithelium in the body

- Protection
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Excretion
- Secretion

How does stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia?

Simple epithlia- focuses on secretion and absorption (less on protection)

Stratified epithelia- underlying tissue subjected to abrasion

Ciliated epithelium is found ___________

in the lining of the trachea,
most of the upper respiratory

Transition Epithelium have cells that are ________ or ___________

round or plump

How the form of the Transition Epithelium help its function?

The shape helps slide over one another to allow the organ to be stretched.

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

Endocrine= Ductless= release all the hormones into the extracellular fluid

Exocrine= Duct= release onto an epithelial surface

How many layers of tissue does:
-Simple epithelium
- Stratified epithelium

simple - 1 layer
stratified- 2 or more

The shapes of epithelium tissue

- Squamos
- Cuboidal
- Columnar

Stratified Epithelia are named according to the cells at the __________ surface

Apical

Describe Pseudostratified Epithelium

It's Simple Columnar

B/C its cells vary in height and the nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane
[often ciliated]

Epithelia that lines the esophagus

Stratified Squamos

Epithelia that lines the stomach

Simple Columnar

Epithelia that lines alveolar sacs of the lungs

Simple Squamos

Epithelia that lines tubules of the kidney

Simple Cuboidal

Epithelia that lines the epidermis of the skin

Stratified Squamos

Epithelia lining of bladder

Transitional

Epithelia lining that forms the thin serous membranes, a single layer of flattened cells

Simple Squamos

Functions performed by connective tissue?

- Protection
- Support
- Bind tissues together

3 General characterstics of Connective tissue:

- With a few expections, connective tissues are richly supplied with blood vessels
- Composed of many types of cells
- Great deal of non- living material between cells

There is a wide variety in the structure, that is related to the wide variety of ____________.

function

The large amount of non- living matrix provides _______ needed to protect the body and carry out normal functions.

Strength

Connective tissue that:
- attaches bones to bones (ligaments) and muscle to muscle (tendon)
- the dermis of the skin

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Connective tissue that:
- Acts as a storage depot for fat
- insulates against heat loss

Adipose connective tissue

Makes up the intervetebral discs

Fibrocartilage

Connective tissue that:
- forms the hip bone
- matrix hardening to Ca+ salts; provides lever for muscles to act on

Osseous tissue

A soft packaging tissue with a jelly-like matrix,
composes basement membranes

Areolar connective tissue

-forms the larynx, the costal catrilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton

Hylaine cartilage

Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers, appears glassy and smooth

Hylaine cartilage

Provides a flexible framework for the external ear

Elastic cartilage

Epithelia which is:

- Single layer of flat cells
- substances pass through easily
- diffusion and filtration where protection is not needed
- lines air sacs, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

Simple squamos

Epithelia which is:

- Single layer of cube- shaped cells
- Secretion and Absorption
- Lines kidney tubules, ducts of some glands, cover the ovaries

Simple cuboidal

- Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei
- often have goblet cells
- absorption
- Secretion of mucus ezymes and others
- ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action

Simple columnar

- Single layer of elongated cells
- appears striated
- often have cilia and goblet cell
- lines the respiratory passageway

Pseudostratified columnar

- many cell layers
- top cells are flat
- can accumulate keratin
- protects underlying tissues in areas of abrasion
(ex. throat, vagina)

Stratified Squamos

- many layers
- lines ducts of mammary, sudoriferous, salivary glands, and pancreas

Stratified Cuboidal

- top layer of elongated cells
- cube shaped cells in deeper layers
- lines vas deferens, male urethra, and parts of pharynx

Stratified Columnar

3 major types of connective tissue CELLS

- Fibroblast
- Macrophages
- Mast cells

3 major types of connective tissue FIBERS

- Collegen (white)
- Elastin (Yellow)
- Reticular (Fine collagen)

- Fixed cells
- large star shaped
- most common type of connective tissue
- secrete protein fibers into matrix

Fibroblast

- Wandering cells
- Important for defense
- Specialized for phagocytosis

Macrophages

- Fixed cells usually near blood vessels
- Releases Heparin (anti- coagulant)
- Releases Histamines to help with inflammation and allergies

Mast cells

6 major types of connective tissue

- Loose Connective (areolar tissue)
- Dense Connective
- Adipose
- Cartilage
- Blood
- Bone