Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consists primarily of _______.

Lactobacillus.

All of the following can cause congenital infection or infections of the newborn EXCEPT _________.

lymphogranuloma venereum.

Which of the following recurs at the initial site of infection?

genital herpes

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen?

candidiasis

The pH of the adult vagina is acidic due to the conversion of ________ to ________ by bacteria.

glycogen; lactic acid

A urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder is _________.

is sterile.

Most nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are caused by _______.

Escherichia coli.

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factors to cystitis in females?

None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

The most common reportable disease in the United States is ________.

gonorrhea.

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea?

None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents?

genital herpes

Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of _______.

candidiasis.

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of _______.

genital herpes.

Which of the following is caused by Chlamydia?

lymphogranuloma venereum

Which of the following diseases causes a skin rash, hair loss, malaise, and fever?

syphilis

Pyelonephritis may result from _______.

All of the answers are correct.

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?

It is always precancerous.

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

It can be caused by T. pallidum.

Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because _______.

maternal antibodies offer protection.

Which of the following is greater?

the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms?

Treponema

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. What stage of disease is the patient in?

secondary

A 25-year-old male presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. This disease can be treated with ______.

penicillin.

Pyelonephritis usually is caused by _______.

Escherichia coli.

The most common reservoir for leptospirosis within the United States is _______.

domestic dogs.

Which of the following is NOT primarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

trichomoniasis

Which of the following is treated with penicillin?

syphilis

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

trichomoniasis — fungus

Anatomically, women have more portals of entry in the reproductive system compared to men.

True

Women and men typically have the same normal microbiota in their reproductive systems.

False

Candida is a normal flora found in the majority (greater than 50%) of women.

False

The male urethra is typically sterile.

True

Genital candidiasis is a disease that only affects women.

False

Trichomoniasis is the only known STI caused by a protozoan.

True