front 1 100-200 g | back 1 amount of feces normally passed each day |
front 2 small instestine | back 2 digests and absorbs foodstuffs |
front 3 large intestine | back 3 absorbs water, sodium and chloride |
front 4 diarrhea | back 4 an increase in volume, liquidity, and frequency of bowel movements compared with individual's normal pattern |
front 5 secretory | back 5 increased solute secretions by intestine draws water and electrolytes into intestine |
front 6 osmotic | back 6 increased osmotically active solutes draw water and electrolytes into intestine |
front 7 intestinal hypermotility | back 7 decreases time available for absorption; can occur alone or with secretory or osmotic |
front 8 enterotoxin-producing organisms and damage to mucosa due to drugs or disease | back 8 secretory causes |
front 9 maldigestion or malabsorption | back 9 osmotic causes |
front 10 maldigestion | back 10 inability to convert foodstuffs into readily abailable absorbable substances |
front 11 malabsorption | back 11 normal digestive ability, but inadequate intestinal absorption of already processed foodstuffs |
front 12 abdominal distention stimulates motility; laxatives, stress, drugs or other diarrheas | back 12 intestinal hypermotility causes |
front 13 steatorrhea | back 13 fecal fat excretion greater than 7g/day |
front 14 malabsorption syndrome features | back 14 feces are pale, greasy, spongy, or pasty and very foul smelling |
front 15 contamination | back 15 should be avoided in specimen collection |
front 16 bile pigments (urobilins) | back 16 cause normal brown color of stool |
front 17 formed cylindrical masses | back 17 normal consistency and form |
front 18 mucus | back 18 not normally present in feces; associated with many conditions |
front 19 metabolic by-products of intestinal flora bacteria | back 19 causes normal odor |
front 20 white blood cells | back 20 not normally present; smallest amount indicates invasive or inflammatory condition of intestinal wall |
front 21 lactoferrin | back 21 protein present in activated neutrophils; detected through immuno-based tests |
front 22 fecal fat | back 22 qualitative orange-red staining of neutral fats with Sudan 3 or 4 or oil red O; detects total fats |
front 23 meat fibers | back 23 can be seen on fecal fat slides; increase is abnormal |
front 24 occult blood | back 24 small amount in feces and is not visualy apparent; any increase is always significant |
front 25 osmotic | back 25 increased active solutes draw water and electrolytes into intestine |
front 26 bright red stools | back 26 can indicate bleeding in the lower GI tract |
front 27 dark or mahogany or black stools (melena) | back 27 can indicate bleeding in upper GI tract |
front 28 Guaiac-based occult blood testing | back 28 based on pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin resulting in color change |
front 29 immunochemical occult blood testing | back 29 based on reaction of polyclonal antihuman antibodies to globin portion of undegraded hemoglobin |
front 30 porphyrin-based occult blood testing | back 30 based on chemical conversion of heme to fluorescent porphyrins |
front 31 Apt test for fetal hemoglobin | back 31 used to differentiate between fetal and maternal blood in newborn's stool; qualitative based on alkaline resistance of fetal hemoglobin |
front 32 quantitative fecal fat | back 32 definitive test for steatorrhea |