front 1 semen | back 1 composed of secretions from testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands |
front 2 testes | back 2 secrete testosterone and produce sperm regulated by FSH and LH from anterior pituitary gland |
front 3 Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules of testes | back 3 regulates sperm production |
front 4 germ cells | back 4 undergo meiosis to form spermatids which differentiate into sperm |
front 5 epididymis | back 5 location of maturation and storage of sperm |
front 6 vas deferens | back 6 pathway of sperm which leads to the urethra |
front 7 prostate, two seminal vesicles, and two bulbourethral glands | back 7 accessory glands which add fluids to sperm |
front 8 fructose, flavin, proteins, prostaglandins, citric acid, zinc, enzymes (proteolytic and acid phosphatase) | back 8 the various substances in semen |
front 9 several samples over 3-month period | back 9 fertility assessment collection |
front 10 2-7 days | back 10 period of abstinence before collection of each sample |
front 11 1 hour maintained between 20-40 C | back 11 sample delivery to laboratory |
front 12 room temperature or body temperature | back 12 temperature specimen maintained at |
front 13 gray-white and opalescent | back 13 normal color |
front 14 30 minutes | back 14 semen immediately coagulate and should liquify within |
front 15 60 minutes | back 15 delay of liquefaction that is considered abnormal |
front 16 2-5 mL | back 16 normal volume |
front 17 watery and forms discrete droplets | back 17 normal viscosity of semen after liquefaction |
front 18 motility | back 18 very important in order for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg |
front 19 50% or more | back 19 amount of sperm that should show moderate to strong linear or forward progression in normal semen evaluated within 60 minutes of collection |
front 20 0 | back 20 grading of immotile sperm |
front 21 1 | back 21 grading of motile, without forward progression sperm |
front 22 2 | back 22 grading of motile, with slow nonlinear or meandering progression sperm |
front 23 3 | back 23 grading of motile, with moderate linear forward progression sperm |
front 24 4 | back 24 grading of motile, with strong linear (forward) progression |
front 25 20-250 million/mL | back 25 normal sperm concentration |
front 26 calibrated positive-displacement pipette | back 26 used to deliver semen quantitatively to a premeasured amount of diluent |
front 27 sperm count | back 27 determined by multiplying concentration per milliliter by volume of ejaculate |
front 28 0-12 weeks | back 28 time period in which postvasectomy sperm counts should be performed |
front 29 nonmotile | back 29 characteristic of sperm after successful vasectomy procedure |
front 30 sperm concentration (sperm/mL) x volume of ejaculate (mL) | back 30 sperm count calculation |
front 31 head, midpiece, and tail | back 31 three parts of sperm |
front 32 normal, head, midpiece, or tail defects, or cytoplasmic droplet presence | back 32 five categories of sperm classification |
front 33 cytoplasmic droplet | back 33 located in midpiece region and is abnormal if this region is more than one-third the area of a normal sperm head |
front 34 dead sperm take up stain | back 34 sperm vitality |
front 35 wright stain eosin | back 35 used to determine sperm vitality |
front 36 more than 1 million/mL | back 36 amount of WBCs indicating an inflammatory process |
front 37 agglutination | back 37 even a small amount is abnormal if sperm are alive |
front 38 7.2-7.8 | back 38 normal pH |
front 39 below 7.2 | back 39 pH indicating abnormality of epididymis, vas deferens, or seminal vesicles |
front 40 above 7.8 | back 40 pH suggesting infection |
front 41 fructose | back 41 produced and secreted by seminal vesicles; most often measured when no sperm seen on count; normal level greater than or equal to 13micromol per ejaculate |
front 42 zinc and citric acid | back 42 evaluate prostate function |
front 43 acid phosphatase | back 43 used in rape and sexual assault investigations to identify semen in vaginal fluid |