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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

35 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

pain management

front 1

characteristics of pain

back 1

allows you to understand the type of pain, its pattern, and the types of intervention to bring relief.

  • timing (onset, duration, and pattern)
  • location
  • severity
  • aggravating and precipitating factors
  • relief measures

front 2

timing

back 2

ask questions to determine the onset, duration, and time sequence of pain

front 3

location

back 3

ask patient to describe or point to all areas of discomfort to assess pain location.

front 4

severity

back 4

most subjective and most useful characteristics for reporting pain

  • use pain scale to identify pain intensity

front 5

VDS

back 5

verbal descriptor scale

front 6

VDS

back 6

verbal descriptor scale

front 7

VAS

back 7

visual analog scale

front 8

aggravating and precipitating factors

back 8

  • describe activities that cause or aggravate pain.
  • demonstrate actions that cause a painful response such as coughing or turning certain way.

front 9

relief measures

back 9

it is useful to know whether a patient has an effective way of relieving pain such as changing position, using ritualistic behavior, eating, meditating, praying, or applying heat or cold to painful site.

front 10

effects of pain on a patient

back 10

  • behavioral effects
  • influence on activities of daily living

front 11

behavioral effects

back 11

when a patient has pain, assess verbalization, vocal response, facial and body movements, and social interaction

front 12

influence on activities of daily living

back 12

the primary goal is to improve patient function.

ask patient whether pain interferes with any activities in their lives

front 13

concomitant symptoms

back 13

includes nausea, headache, dizziness, urge to urinate, constipation, depression, and restlessness

front 14

nursing diagnosis

back 14

  • focus on the specific nature of a patient's pain to identify the most useful type of intervention for alleviating and improving patient's function
  • accurate identification of related factors is necessary in choosing appropriate intervention

front 15

diagnosis related to pain

back 15

  • activity intolerance
  • anxiety
  • bathing self-care deficit
  • ineffective coping
  • fatigue
  • impaired physical mobility
  • insomnia
  • impaired social interaction

front 16

planning

back 16

  • analyze information from multiple sources
  • use concept map

front 17

goals and outcomes

back 17

  • with the patient, determine realistic expectations for pain relief
  • decide on a mutually acceptable level of pain that allows return of function.
  • goals of care promote a patient's optimal function.

front 18

setting priorities

back 18

  • consider the type of pain the patient is experiencing and the effect that it has on their body function

front 19

teamwork and collaboration

back 19

a comprehensive plan includes a variety of resources from the health care team

front 20

implementation

back 20

  • the nurse, patient, and family are partners in pain management
  • the nurse is responsible for administering and monitoring therapies ordered by health care providers for pain relief
  • try the least invasive or safest therapy first

front 21

health promotion

back 21

choose therapies suited to a patient's unique pain experience.

front 22

nonpharmacological pain-relief interventions

back 22

includes cognitive and physical approaches.

  • relaxation and guided imagery
  • distraction
  • music
  • cutaneous stimulation
  • herbals
  • reducing pain perception and reception

front 23

analgesics

back 23

the most common and effective method of pain relief

front 24

what are the 3 types of analgesics

back 24

  • nonopioids (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
  • opioids (narcotics)
  • adjuvants (variety of medications that enhance analgesics)

front 25

NSAID's act by

back 25

inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and cellular responses of inflammation

front 26

NSAID drugs

back 26

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

front 27

opioids drugs

back 27

morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone

front 28

how does opioid act to reduce pain

back 28

they bind with opiate receptors to modify perceptions of pain

front 29

nursing principles for administering analgesics

back 29

  • know patient's previous response to analgesics
  • select proper medications when more than one is ordered
  • know accurate dosage
  • asses right time and interval for administration

front 30

patient controlled analgesia

back 30

  • a drug delivery method for pain management that many patients prefer
  • allows patients to self-administer opioids with minimal risk of overdose

front 31

topical analgesic

back 31

include prescription and OTC creams, ointments, and patches that are applied to a painful area.

front 32

local anesthesia

back 32

local infiltration of an anesthetic medication to induce loss of sensation to a body part

front 33

regional anesthesia

back 33

blocks a group of sensory nerve fibers

front 34

perineurial local anesthetic infusion

back 34

a type of regional anesthesia. the use of perineurial injections and infusions of local anesthetic agents to relieve pain.

front 35

epidural analgesia

back 35

a form of regional anesthesia

  • effectively treats acute postoperative pain, rib fracture pain, labor and delivery pain, and chronic cancer pain
  • it reduces severe pain and a patient's overall opioids requirement