front 1 Olfactory(I) | back 1 Person is asked to sniff aromatic substances such as oil of cloves and vanilla and then identify them. |
front 2 Optic(2) | back 2 Vision and visual field are determined with eye chart and by testing the point at which the person first sees an object (finger) moving into the visual field. Fundus of eye viewed with ophthalmoscope to detect papilledema ( swelling of optic discor point at which optic nerve leaves the eye) and to observe blood vessels. |
front 3 Oculomotor(3) | back 3 Pupils are examined for size, shape, and equality. Pupillary reflex is tested with penlight. Convergence for near vision is tested as is subject's ability to follow objects with the eyes. |
front 4 Trochlear(4) | back 4 Tested like cranial nerve III oculomotor |
front 5 Trigeminal(5) | back 5 Sensations of pain, touch, and temperature are tested with safety pin and hot and cold objects. Corneal reflex tested with wisp of cotton. Motor branch assessed by asking person to clench his teeth, open mouth against resistance and move side to side. |
front 6 Abducens(6) | back 6 Tested with cranial nerve 3 |
front 7 Facial(7) | back 7 Anterior two thirds of tongue is tested for ability to taste sweet, salty, sour and bitter substances. Symmetry of face is checked. Subject is asked to close eyes, smile, whistle, and so on. Tearing is assessed with ammonia fumes. |
front 8 Accessory(11) | back 8 Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are checked for strength by asking person to rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistance. |
front 9 Hypoglossal(12) | back 9 Person is asked to protrude and retract tongue . Any deviation in position is noted. |