5. All bacterial cells have

a. a chromosome.

6. The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

e. peritrichous.

7. The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

c. cell wall.

8. The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be

b. protein synthesis would stop.

9. A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

d. flagella.

10. Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

capsule

11. If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell
structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is

b. cell wall.

12. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

a. cell walls.

13. All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except

inclusions

14. A procaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid
and lipoteichoic acid is

b. gram positive.

15. A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

a. Mycobacterium.

16. All of the following pertain to endotoxins except

e. they are found in acid fast bacterial cell walls.

17. The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical
gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is

b. predominance of unique, waxy, lipids.

18. Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

a. gram negative bacteria.

19. The periplasmic space is

c. an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell.

20. Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched?

d. unique hydrocarbon present - cyanobacteria

21. The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

e. cell membrane.

22. The bacterial chromosome

c. is part of the nucleoid.

23. Which is mismatched?

c. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

24. Magnetosomes are

d. composed of magnetic iron oxide particles.

25. The function of bacterial endospores is

c. for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.

26. Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the
identity of this structure?

endospore

27. Endospores are

e. All of the choices are correct.

28. Bacterial endospores are not produced by

Staphylococcus

29. Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

tetrad

30. Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms?

b. They involve bacteria only.

31. An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

d. nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.

32. Which phylum is mismatched?

e. None of the choices are mismatched.

33. Which is mismatched?

c. Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria

36. Sarcinae refers to

b. a cuboidal packet of cells.

37. What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain?

c. crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin

38. All of the following are correct about biofilms except

e. they are harmless aggregations of microbes.

39. Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be

a. lophotrichous.

40. All of the following are correct about a slime layer except

d. it plays a role in cell motility.

41. Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by

a. hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls.

42. In the Gram stain, the mordant is

iodine

43. Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques?

plasmids

44. A microorganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles
of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60°C. Which type of
organism do you immediately assume it is?

Archaea

45. Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

true

46. Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

true

47. Gram negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

false

48. Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain.

true

49. The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer
membrane.

true

50. The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

true

51. If during the gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal
violet was applied, gram positive cells would be purple but gram negative cells would be
colorless.

false

52. Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and
cause an infectious disease.

true

53. Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

false

54. If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can
assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

true

55. The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

false

56. Which of the following is a major component of biological plasma membranes?

phospholipids

57. Which of these cellular structures may not be present in all procaryotes?

d. cell wall

58. Which of the following is most likely non-motile?

cocci

59. An enfolding of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane that increases membrane surface area
and provides an area of attachment for the DNA during replication

mesosome

60. The bacterial cell membrane

e. all of these

61. Describes the flagella movement within procaryotes

b. "motor-boat" like

62. An endotoxin is associated with some

a. gram negative cell walls

63. The short appendages on some gram negative bacteria that function in adhering to surfaces
are

a. fimbriae

Endospores

e. form in response to adverse conditions and germinate whenever external conditions
become favorable

65. The DNA in a cell that is not part of the chromosome is a

e. plasmid

66. A bacillus that was covered with many flagella over its entire surface would be

d. peritrichous

67. Which portion of the LPS molecule is most toxic?

e. Lipid A

68. What means do microorganisms use for locomotion?

e. all of these

69. A gram negative cell that has lost its cell wall is a

spheroplast

70. The presence of this substance makes endospores temperature resistant

b. calcium dipicolinate

71. This type of cellular morphology is described as pairs of spherical cells

d. diplococci

72. Spiral bacteria that are flexible and can wiggle their bodies like a snake due to axial filaments
are

spirochetes

73. The properties of the glycocalyx include which of the following?

b. inhibit desiccation

74. The cell structure associated with increased virulence due to the inhibition of phagocytosis is

e. the capsule

75. The necessity for elaborate sterilization procedures in hospitals and canneries is due to

a. endospores

76. The following terms are associated with endospores except:

e. heat sensitive.

77. The following belong together except:

e. plasmid

78. The appendages that facilitate the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are

b. pili

79. Flagella are anchored to the plasma membrane by a series of hooks and rings called

b. basal body

80. Some bacteria adhere to the surfaces of teeth via their glycocalyces and entrap other oral
bacteria. This layer of polysaccharide and entrapped bacterial cells is called

a. dental plaque

81. Some bacteria possess a polysaccharide surface layer that is less firmly attached to the
bacterial cell than a "capsule" and is called a ____.

c. slime layer

82. Sporosarcina, Bacillus, and _______ have endospores.

Clostridium

83. Which type of unusual prokaryote causes many types of fevers such as Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever?

Rickettsia

84. Which type of Archaea converts CO2 and H2 into methane?

methanogens

85. The genus with no cell wall is _______.

Mycoplasma

86. What part of the prokaryotic cell assists in separating the DNA during replication?

mesosomes

87. The genus ____ requires a cellular host, causes sexually transmitted diseases, and
worldwide blindness.

Chlamydia

88 all procaryotic cells lack a true nucleus

true

89. Spheroplasts are formed when gram positive microbes do not form a cell wall during
reproduction while growing in an osmotically friendly environment.

false

90. _________is an extra-cellular structure that is involved in exchange of genetic material called
conjugation.

pili

91. _________is the terms that refers to the negative or positive chemical attraction of microbes
to their environment.

chemotaxis

92. __________ is the term that refers to false motility that’s due to environmental motion.

d. Brownian movement

93. __________these structures are also referred to as adhesions because they allow adherence
to host cells.

a. fimbriae

Swelling or branching of cells in old cultures

h. Involution forms

Extra-chromosomal piece of DNA

g. Plasmid

Prevents desiccation and inhibits phagocytosis
by host cells

b. Capsule

Storage from or inorganic phosphates

a. Metachromatic granules

Survival mechanism in dry environments

j. Endospores

Protective layer formed by microbes in aquatic
environments

f. Bio-film

Site of protein synthesis

i. Ribosomes

Flexible helix

d. Spirochetes

Diplococcus

c. two cocci in pairs

Rickettsias

e Obligate intracellular
parasites

What is the causative agent of Strep throat?

a. Streptococcus pyogenes

Which of the following is most likely NOT a common cause of pneumonia?

c. Bordetella pertussis

Corynebacterium diptheriae causes the disease commonly called

diphtheria

Whooping cough is caused by

d. Bordetella pertussis.

This disease is often diagnosed by the observance of “tubercules” on chest X-rays.

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Infantile botulism is associated with the ingestion of

a. endospores in honey

Bacillus food poisoning is associated with the ingestion of

b. starchy foods such as rice

Which of the following organisms may be the causative agent of food poisoning?

f. all of the above

Is a common cause of stomach ulcers?

c. Helicobacter pylori

Clostridium tetani causes a disease commonly referred to as

c. Lockjaw

What is the causative agent of Typhoid Fever?

b. Salmonella typhi

What is the causative agent of Toxic Shock Syndrome?

c. Staphylococcus aureus

What is the causative agent of the Plague?

d. Yersinia pestis

What is the causative agent of Relapsing Fever?

e Borrelia recurrentis

What is the causative agent of Lyme’s Disease?

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

The Rickettsial Diseases, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is transmitted via

a. tick bites

The Rickettsial Diseases, Murine Typhus, is transmitted via

c. rat fleas

The Rickettsial Diseases, Scrub Typhus, is transmitted via

chiggers

The Rickettsial Diseases, Epidemic Typhus, is transmitted via

body lice

Brucellosis is transmitted to human via

e. unpasteurized milk or direct contact with infected animals

Neisseria gonorrhea is the causative agent of

a. Gonorrhea

Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of

b. Syphillis

Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of

d. Leprosy

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of

e. Anthrax

Propionibacterium acnes is the causative agent of

g. Acne

Haemophilus aegyptius is the causative agent of

a. pink eye

Neisseria gonorrhea is the causative agent of

b. Opthalmia neonatorum

Chlamydia is the causative agent of

c. trachoma