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105 notecards = 27 pages (4 cards per page)

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Exam 1 (Ch 1, 2, 4)

front 1

Strepto

back 1

chains of cells

front 2

Bacillus

back 2

rod shaped cells

front 3

Biogenesis

back 3

life comes from pre-existing life

front 4

Parasitology

back 4

the study of parasites

front 5

Spirillum

back 5

spiral shaped cells

front 6

Vaccination

back 6

artificial exposure to a weakened pathogen, killed pathogen or a piece of a pathogen to give your immune system help with learning

front 7

Naked

back 7

this virus is composed of only a genome and a protein coat

front 8

Mycology

back 8

the study of fungi

front 9

Microorganisms

back 9

living and non-living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

front 10

Dinoflagellates

back 10

algae that cause red tides

front 11

Heterotrophs

back 11

eater of others

front 12

Helminths

back 12

another name for worms

front 13

Bacteriology

back 13

the study of bacteria

front 14

Prokaryotic

back 14

the smaller and simpler of the two major types of cells

front 15

Parasite

back 15

this type of organism enters into a relationship with another organism (the host) and harms that host in the process

front 16

Peptidoglycan

back 16

this is a molecule that makes up the bacterial cell wall

front 17

Diatoms

back 17

algae that found in toothpaste

front 18

Pasteurization

back 18

using high heat for a short amount of time to kill off a lot of the spoilage microbes without damaging the product

front 19

Eukaryotic

back 19

the type of cell that has organelles

front 20

Immunology

back 20

the study of the immune system

front 21

Binary Fission

back 21

the process by which bacterial cells divide

front 22

Immunity

back 22

the ability to ward off disease, protection

front 23

Staphylo

back 23

clusters of cells

front 24

Chitin

back 24

this molecule makes up the fungal cell wall

front 25

Pathogen

back 25

a disease causing microbe

front 26

Coccus

back 26

spherical shaped cells

front 27

Halophile

back 27

a salt-loving organism

front 28

Asepsis

back 28

without contamination

front 29

Pasteur

back 29

proved microbes are present in the air

front 30

Virology

back 30

the study of viruses

front 31

Ten

back 31

percentage of microbes that are actually disease causing. Less than __ percent.

front 32

Capsid

back 32

the protein coat that protects the viral genome

front 33

Hydrophobic

back 33

molecules that are non polar and don't interact with water

front 34

Monosaccharide

back 34

the monomer of carbs

front 35

Chitin

back 35

an example of a carb that makes up the cell wall of fungi

front 36

Dehydration Synthesis

back 36

the process by which the macromolecules are made

front 37

Anabolism

back 37

the type of metabolism that forms covalent bonds (biosynthesis)

front 38

Polysaccharide

back 38

the polymer of carbs

front 39

Amino Acids

back 39

the monomer of proteins

front 40

ATP

back 40

a nucleic acid that is the universal energy currency of the cell

front 41

Polymers

back 41

many units

front 42

Electronegativity

back 42

affinity for electrons

front 43

Phospholipid

back 43

the type of lipid that makes up most of the cell membrane

front 44

Metabolism

back 44

the sum of all chemical reactions in the cell

front 45

Catabolism

back 45

the type of metabolism where bonds are broken and energy is released

front 46

Base

back 46

a substance that removed protons or adds OH- to the solution

front 47

Valence

back 47

the name of electrons found in the outermost energy level

front 48

Cholesterol

back 48

used in eukaryotic cell membrane for structural integrity. It is not found in most prokaryotic cell membranes.

front 49

Hydrolysis

back 49

the process by which the macromolecules are broken down

front 50

Triglyceride

back 50

used for long term energy storage in us

front 51

Cellulose

back 51

an example of a carb that makes up the cell wall of algae

front 52

Nucleotide

back 52

the monomer of nucleic acids

front 53

Hydrogen

back 53

the type of bond that is based upon partial charges. they are weak by themselves but strong in numbers.

front 54

Polypeptide

back 54

the polymer of proteins

front 55

Peptide

back 55

the bond that forms between two amino acids

front 56

Hydrophilic

back 56

molecules that are polar or charged that can be dissolved in water

front 57

Potential

back 57

the type of energy that electrons possess that is biologically important

front 58

Acidic

back 58

a pH less than 7

front 59

Ionic

back 59

the type of bond that is due to a charge based attraction

front 60

Polar

back 60

the type of bond where there is unequal sharing of electrons

front 61

Basic

back 61

a pH greater than 7

front 62

Covalent

back 62

type of bond that involves the sharing of electrons

front 63

Nonpolar

back 63

the type of bond where there is equal sharing of electrons

front 64

Acid

back 64

a substance that adds protons to a solution

front 65

Lipid A

back 65

the toxin in the gram negative's outer membrane

front 66

Endospore

back 66

a survival structure

front 67

Diplococcus

back 67

an arrangement where there are a pair of spherical cells

front 68

Selective Toxicity

back 68

hopefully killing them without killing your cells

front 69

Genome

back 69

the blueprint of life

front 70

Nucleus

back 70

organelle that stores and protects the genome

front 71

Passive

back 71

the type of transport that doesn't require any energy from the cell

front 72

Alcohol

back 72

the decolorized in Gram staining

front 73

Mycoplasma

back 73

many of these are pathogenic. they are a type of bacterial cell that lacks a cell wall. their colonies look like sunny side up eggs.

front 74

Cytosol

back 74

the fluid inside of the cell membrane

front 75

Hydrophobic Exclusion

back 75

the force that stabilized the tail to tail orientation of the cell membrane

front 76

Crystal Violet

back 76

the primary stain in Gram staining

front 77

Pilus

back 77

protein fiber used for mating

front 78

Glycocalyx

back 78

a sugary coating that can be used for attachment or protection

front 79

Binary Fission

back 79

the process by which bacteria divide

front 80

Positive

back 80

the type of cell that has a thick cell wall. Gram ____.

front 81

Phospholipids

back 81

the macromolecule that makes up most of the membrane

front 82

Osmotic Lysis

back 82

the major role of the cell wall is to prevent this

front 83

Peripheral

back 83

the type of protein that is found on the side of the membrane

front 84

Lysosome

back 84

a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

front 85

Negative

back 85

the type of cell that has a thin cell wall and an outer membrane

front 86

Conjugation

back 86

bacterial mating

front 87

Hypertonic

back 87

cell=25, pond water=2. the cell is ___ compared to the pond water.

front 88

Mitochondria

back 88

organelle in which the Kreb's cycle occurs

front 89

Cytoplasm

back 89

the region inside of the cell membrane

front 90

into

back 90

cell=25, pond water=2. water will flow ___ the cell.

front 91

Hypotonic

back 91

cell=25, pond water=200. the cell is ____ compared to the salted meat.

front 92

Plasmid

back 92

an extrachromosomal piece of DNA that can carry the information for antibiotic resistance mating

front 93

Iodine

back 93

the mordant in Gram staining

front 94

Pinocytosis

back 94

cell drinking

front 95

Phagocytosis

back 95

cell eating

front 96

Seventy

back 96

the size of the prokaryotic ribosome ___S

front 97

Taxis

back 97

movement

front 98

Fimbriae

back 98

proteins fibers used for attachment

front 99

Safranin

back 99

the secondary stain in Gram staining

front 100

Ribosome

back 100

the machine that makes proteins. it is also a major target of antibiotics

front 101

Golgi

back 101

sorting and distribution organelle

front 102

Eighty

back 102

the size of the eukaryotic ribosome ___S

front 103

Diffusion

back 103

the force behind passive transport

front 104

Integral

back 104

type of protein that sticks into the membrane

front 105

Active

back 105

if the concentration of a nutrient is 5 outside of the cell and 20 inside of the cell, what type of transport would be necessary to import the nutrient into the cytoplasm?