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17 Practice Test

front 1 Which of the following statements correctly describes Archibald Garrod's hypothesis for how "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur? Enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase. Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes. Certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors. Metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies.	back 1 Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
front 2 According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?	back 2 2
front 3 Which of the following characteristics is directly related to the coding of a single amino acid during the process of translation? the amino acetyl tRNA synthase the complementarity of DNA and RNA the base sequence of the tRNA the three-base sequence of mRNA	back 3 the three-base sequence of mRNA
front 4 Which of the following processes occurs during transcription? DNA is replicated mRNA attaches to ribosomes proteins are synthesized RNA is synthesized	back 4 RNA is synthesized

front 5 Which of the following molecular structures contain codons? rRNA mRNA tRNA a protein	back 5 mRNA
front 6 Once researchers identified DNA as the molecule responsible for transmitting heritable traits, they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of information transfer in eukaryotes that accomplishes this task? DNA from a single gene is replicated and transferred to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. Histone proteins in the chromosomes transfer information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place. Transfer RNA takes information from DNA directly to a ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place. Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.	back 6 Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.
front 7 Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? translation in the absence of a ribosome transcription and translation occur simultaneously post-transcriptional splicing gene splicing	back 7 transcription and translation occur simultaneously
front 8 Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter? Part of the RNA molecule itself The same as a start codon A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase A site found on the RNA polymerase	back 8 A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase

front 9 What is the function of RNA polymerase? See Concept 17.2 ( page 342) It adds nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing mRNA molecule. It relies on other enzymes to unwind the double helix. It proceeds slowly along the DNA strand, requiring about a minute to add two nucleotides to the growing mRNA molecule. It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA. All of the above.	back 9 It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA.
front 10 Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase? anticodons ribosomes and tRNA several transcription factors aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase	back 10 several transcription factors
front 11 Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes? It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during translation. It sets the reading frame of the mRNA during translation. It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during transcription. It is the recognition site for the binding of a specific transcription factor.	back 11 It is the recognition site for the binding of a specific transcription factor.
front 12 During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA. 3' untranslated region a long string of adenine nucleotides 5' untranslated region coding segment modified guanine nucleotide	back 12 5' untranslated region coding segment modified guanine nucleotide (5 Cap)

front 13 During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA. 3' untranslated region a long string of adenine nucleotides 5' untranslated region coding segment modified guanine nucleotide	back 13 a long string of adenine nucleotides (poly A)
front 14 What is a ribozyme? See Concept 17.3 an enzyme that holds open the DNA double helix while RNA polymerase adds nucleotides a biological catalyst consisting of DNA a mutated ribosome a DNA sequence near the promoter that assists in the binding of RNA polymerase a biological catalyst made of RNA	back 14 a biological catalyst made of RNA
front 15 Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotic gene expression? RNA polymerase requires tRNA to elongate the molecule. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are translated. A cap is added to the 5 end of the mRNA. RNA polymerase binds to the terminator sequence.	back 15 A cap is added to the 5 end of the mRNA.
front 16 Which of the following processes correctly describes alternative RNA splicing? It is a mechanism for increasing the rate of translation. It increases the rate of transcription. It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA. It can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs.	back 16 It can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.

front 17 Where does translation take place? Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosome Golgi apparatus	back 17 Ribosome
front 18 Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation? The small subunit of the ribosome binds to the 5’ cap on the mRNA. The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex. An aminoacyl tRNA binds to the start codon. A peptide bond is formed between two adjacent amino acids.	back 18 The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.
front 19 True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.	back 19 False
front 20 The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site. A translocation E P Q	back 20 P

front 21 Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the _____. binding of the anticodon to small subunit of the ribosome attachment of amino acids to rRNAs binding of ribosomes to mRNA binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs	back 21 binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
front 22 Which of the following processes is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes? base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA the ribosome reaches a stop codon the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5 cap of mRNA binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits	back 22 the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5 cap of mRNA
front 23 What is the function of the release factor during translation in eukaryotes? It supplies a source of energy for termination of translation. It releases the amino acid from its tRNA to allow the amino acid to form a peptide bond. It releases the ribosome from the ER to allow polypeptides into the cytosol. It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.	back 23 It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.
front 24 The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3 end projecting beyond its 5 end. Which of the following processes will occur at this 3 end? The amino acid binds covalently. The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it. The 5 cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound. The excess nucleotides (ACCA) will be cleaved off at the ribosome.	back 24 The amino acid binds covalently.

front 25 Which of the following molecules are required for the process of translation? mRNA, DNA, and rRNA mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and rRNA mRNA, tRNA, and DNA mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA	back 25 mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
front 26 True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.	back 26 False - A codon is a group of three bases that can specify only one amino acid.