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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

24 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Ch 30

front 1

what are key adaptions for life on land

back 1

seeds and pollen grains

front 2

5 derived traits of seed plants

back 2

  • Reduced gametophytes
  • Heterospory
  • Megaspores ♀ and microspores ♂
  • Ovules
  • Pollen

front 3

Advantages of Reduced Gametophytes

back 3

  • The gametophytes of seed plants are microscopic
  • They develop within the walls of spores that are retained within tissues of the parent sporophyte
  • This arrangement protects the developing gametophyte from environmental stress and enables it to obtain nutrients from the sporophyte

front 4

What does an ovule consist of

back 4

  • consists of a megasporangium, megaspore, and one or more protective integuments

front 5

sporophyte dominant plants

back 5

mosses & non vascular plants.

front 6

gametophyte dominant

back 6

seed plants

front 7

Reduced, independent

(photosynthetic and

free-living)

back 7

ferns /7 seedless vascular plants

front 8

.what is an integument

how many do angio and gymnosperms have

back 8

integument is a layer of sporophyte tissue that envelopes and protects the megasporangium

gymno-1

angio-2

front 9

what is a seed

back 9

is a sporophyte (2n) embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat

front 10

  • Seeds provide some evolutionary advantages over spores....

back 10

  • They may remain dormant for days to years, until conditions are favorable for germination
  • They have a supply of stored food
  • They may be transported long distances by wind or animals

front 11

  • Most gymnosperms are

back 11

cone-bearing plants called conifers

front 12

  • Three key features of the gymnosperm life cycle are

back 12

  • miniaturization of their gametophytes
  • production of seeds, a dispersible stage in the life cycle
  • the transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen

front 13

  • From the time cones first appear, it takes how many years to produce mature seeds ?

back 13

3 years

front 14

  • The gymnosperms consist of four phyla:

back 14

  • Cycadophyta (cycads)
  • Ginkgophyta (one living species: Ginkgo biloba)
  • Gnetophyta (three genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia)
  • Coniferophyta (conifers, such as pine, fir, and redwood)

front 15

Phylum Cycadophyta

back 15

  • Individuals have large cones and palmlike leaves
  • Unlike most seed plants, cycads have flagellated sperm
  • These thrived during the Mesozoic (along with dinosaurs), but most of the few surviving species are endangered

front 16

Phylum Ginkgophyta

back 16

  • This phylum consists of a single living species, Ginkgo biloba
  • Like the cycads, this group also has flagellated sperm
  • It has a high tolerance to air pollution and is a popular ornamental tree

front 17

Phylum Gnetophyta

back 17

  • This phylum comprises three genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia
  • Species vary in appearance, but are grouped by molecular evidence, and some are tropical, whereas others live in deserts

front 18

Phylum Coniferophyta

back 18

  • This phylum is the largest of the gymnosperm phyla
  • Most species have woody cones, but a few have fleshy cones
  • Most conifers are evergreens and can carry out photosynthesis all year round

front 19

Four adaptations—cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers—are key characters defining four major modern plant groups. Which group first evolved vascular tissue?

a)ferns

b)bryophytes

c)flowering plants

d)gymnosperms

back 19

a

front 20

  • Angiosperms have two key adaptations

back 20

  • Flowers
  • Fruits

front 21

pericarp

back 21

  • is the part of the fruit formed when the ovary wall thickens

front 22

  • One sperm_________ while the other________

back 22

fertilizes the egg,combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food-storing endosperm

front 23

what three groups diverged early within angiosperms...

back 23

  • Amborella trichopoda , water lilies, and star anise

front 24

Adaptations critical to plant success in terrestrial environments include seeds, vascular tissue, cuticle, and flowers. Which lists these adaptations in the order in which they appeared?

a)seeds, vascular tissue, flowers, cuticle

b)cuticle, seeds, flowers, vascular tissue

c)cuticle, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers

d)vascular tissue, cuticle, seeds, flowers

back 24

c