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Microbiology chapter 7

front 1

Which set of four elements makes up the largest portion of cells by dry weight?
A) carbon, sulfur, potassium, oxygen
B) oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen
C) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
D) nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, potassium

back 1

C) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

front 2

Any substance, whether in elemental or molecular form, that must be provided to an organism is called a(n)
A) ionic nutrient.
B) essential nutrient.
C) micronutrient.
D) trace element.

back 2

B) essential nutrient.

front 3

A micronutrient can also be called
A) a trace element.
B) a macronutrient.
C) an elemental reservoir.
D)

back 3

A) a trace element.

front 4

Microbial cell cytoplasm is composed mostly of
A) water and protein.
B) macronutrients in elemental form.
C) salts and glucose.
D) peptidoglycan.

back 4

A) water and protein.

front 5

An autotroph
A) uses inorganic carbon dioxide as its carbon source.
B) uses organic carbon as its carbon source.
C)

back 5

A) uses inorganic carbon dioxide as its carbon source.

front 6

Nitrogen is vital to microbial growth. It is obtained from organic or inorganic sources to make
A) amino acids.
B) proteins.
C) nucleotides.
D) all of the above.

back 6

D) all of the above.

front 7

A ____________ metabolizes the organic matter of dead organisms.
A) parasite
B) saprobe
C) photoautotroph
D) all of the above

back 7

B) saprobe

front 8

Extracellular digestion in bacteria and fungi
A) aids endocytosis.
B) results in exocytosis.
C) facilitates transport of nutrients in.
D) results in transport of wastes out.

back 8

C) facilitates transport of nutrients in.

front 9

When the environment is equal in solute concentration to the cell's internal environment then there is no net change in cell volume. This indicates a(n) ____________ solution around the cell.
A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic
D) barometric

back 9

C) isotonic

front 10

Cell walls are useful for structural integrity as well as to keep a cell from bursting in a(an) solution.
A) hypotonic
B) isotonic
C) hypertonic
D) barometric

back 10

A) hypotonic

front 11

The majority of medically significant microorganisms are
A) thermophiles.
B) mesophiles.
C) psychrophiles.
D) halophiles.

back 11

B) mesophiles.

front 12

An organism that is capable of living without oxygen if necessary is termed a(n)
A) aerobe.
B) facultative anaerobe.
C) obligate anaerobe.
D) aerotolerant anaerobe.

back 12

B) facultative anaerobe.

front 13

Most cultured bacteria tend to multiply by
A) binary fission.
B) budding.
C) fragmentation.
D) sexual reproduction.

back 13

A) binary fission.

front 14

During this phase of growth, newly inoculated cells require a period of adjustment, enlargement, and synthesis.
A) death phase
B) exponential growth phase
C) stationary growth phase
D) lag phase

back 14

D) lag phase

front 15

The duration of each bacterial division is called the generation or
A) exponential time.
B) viable growth.
C) doubling time.
D) growth curve.

back 15

C) doubling time.

front 16

Assuming I had a single bacterium that could undergo binary fission every 30 minutes, how many bacteria would I have at the end of 7 hours?
A) 72
B) 730
C) 230
D) 214

back 16

D) 214

front 17

Cell numbers can be counted directly by all of the following EXCEPT
A) microscope counting chamber.
B) Coulter counter.
C) flow cytometer.
D) turbidity.

back 17

D) turbidity.

front 18

The stationary growth phase in a bacterial growth chart is due to all of the following EXCEPT
A) depletion of nutrients in the culture.
B) increased density of cells.
C) a period of adjustment to growing conditions.
D) accumulation of wastes and byproducts.

back 18

C) a period of adjustment to growing conditions.

front 19

The optimum pH for most culturable microbes ranges between
A) 3-5.
B) 5-7.
C) 6-8.
D) 8-10.

back 19

C) 6-8.

front 20

Microbes in most environments form ecological associations with other organisms. The term for a symbiotic relationship beneficial to both partners is termed a
A) commensalism.
B) mutualism.
C) parasitism.
D) competition.

back 20

B) mutualism.

front 21

Microorganisms which exist under high pressure are called
A) thermophiles.
B) barophiles.
C) psychrophiles.
D) halophiles.

back 21

B) barophiles.

front 22

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are forms of
A) osmosis.
B) diffusion.
C) passive transport.
D) active transport.

back 22

D) active transport.

front 23

The word root troph means
A) love
B) heat
C) food/feeding
D) self

back 23

C) food/feeding

front 24

The word root phile means
A) love
B) heat
C) food/feeding
D) self

back 24

A) love

front 25

The word root thermo means
A) love
B) heat
C) food/feeding
D) self

back 25

B) heat

front 26

The word root auto means
A) other
B) self
C) light
D) love

back 26

B) self

front 27

The word root hetero means
A) other
B) self
C) light
D) love

back 27

A) other

front 28

The word root photo means
A) other
B) self
C) light
D) love

back 28

C) light

front 29

A microbiologist inoculates staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. following incubation, both staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermis are determined to be growing in this culture. what is the most likely explanation?

A) The culture medium was differential

B) The microbiologist used too inoculum

C) The culture medium was selective

D) The culture was contaminated

back 29

D) The culture was contaminated

front 30

Agar is important component of media because

A) agar prevents contamination

B) Bacteria require agar as a source of carbon

C) Agar inhibits mold growth

D) Agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth

back 30

D.) Agar provides a solid surface for bacterial Growth

front 31

the term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is

A) isolation

B) Inoculation

C) infection

D) Contamination

back 31

B) inoculation

front 32

A pure culture contains

A) only bacteria

B) A variety of species from the same genus

C) Microbes from a single source

D) Only one identified species of microorganism

back 32

D) only one identified species of microorganism

front 33

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined is termed

A) Enriched

B) Synthetic

C) Complex

D) Reducing

back 33

C) Complex

front 34

An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a

A) Growth factor

B) Compound

C) Element

D) Macronutrient

back 34

A) Growth factor

front 35

Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell

A) Oxygen

B) Hydrogen

C) Copper

D) Carbon

back 35

C) Copper

front 36

Microorganism require large quantities of_____ for use in cell structure and metabolism

A) Macronutrients

B) Electrolytes

C) Trace elements

D) Water

back 36

A) Macronutrients

front 37

An organism that use CO2 for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a____

A) Photoautotroph

B) Heterotroph

C) Chemo heterotroph

D) Saprobe

back 37

A) Photoautotroph

front 38

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called

A) Facilitated diffusion

B) Osmosis

C) Active transport

D) Endocytosis

back 38

B) osmosis