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Microbiology 205 Power Point notes

front 1

-Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity-

The dual nature of Adaptive immunity consists of...

back 1

T&B cells develop from stem cells in red bone marrow.

front 2

-Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity-

Humoral immunity:

back 2

* Due to anibodies

* B cells mature in the bone marrow
-Chickens; bursa of fabricius

front 3

-Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity-

Cellular immunity:

back 3

* Due to Tcells

*T cells mature in the thymus

front 4

Where do T cells mature?

back 4

Thymus

front 5

Where do B cells mature?

back 5

In bone marrow

front 6

-Nature of Antigens-

Antigen (Ag):

back 6

a substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells.

front 7

-Nature of Antigens-

Hapten:

back 7

Antigen is combined w/carrier molecules.

front 8

-The Nature of Antibodies-

Globular proteins called-

back 8

immunoglobulins

front 9

-The Nature of Antibodies-

The number of _____-________ determines _______

back 9

antigen-binding sites / valence

front 10

-IgG Antibodies-

IgG Ab:

back 10

* Monomer
* 80% of serum antibodies
* Cross placenta
* Enhance phagocytosis; neutralize toxins & viruses; protect fetus & newborn

front 11

-IgM Antibodies-

IgM Ab:

back 11

* Pentamer
* Agglutinate microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection.

front 12

-IgA Antibodies-

IgA Ab:

back 12

* Dimer
* In secretions
* Mucosal protection

front 13

-IgD Antibodies-

IgD Ab:

back 13

* Monomer
* On B cells, inititate immune response

front 14

-IgE Antibodies-

IgE Ab:

back 14

* Monomer
* On mast cells, on basophils, and in blood
* Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms

front 15

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~
*
DIMER-

back 15

IgA Ab

*

front 16

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

PENTAMER & Agglutinates microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection.

back 16

IgM Ab

front 17

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

CROSSES PLACENTA & neutralized toxins & viruses; protects fetus & newborn.

back 17

IgG Ab

front 18

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

Is IN SECRECTIONS & FUNCTIONS IN MUCOSAL PROTECTION

back 18

IgA Ab

front 19

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

MONOMER

back 19

IgG, IgD, IgE Ab's

front 20

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~
*
On mast cells, basophils & in blood?

back 20

IgE Ab

*

front 21

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

On B cells, initiate immune response

back 21

IgD Ab

front 22

~Select the correct Antibody molecule (IgG, IgM, etc)~

Allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms

back 22

IgE Ab

front 23

-Activation of B cells-

MHC stands for?

back 23

Major histocompatibility complex

front 24

-Activation of B cells-

Where is MHC expressed?

back 24

mammalian cells

front 25

-Activation of B cells-

T-dependent antigens:

back 25

* Ag presented w/(self) MHC to TH(H-subscript) cells

front 26

-Activation of B cells-

T-dependent antigens:

back 26

*TH(H=subscript) cell produces cytokines that activate the B cell

front 27

-Activation of B cells-

B cells differentiate into:

back 27

* Antibody-producing PLASMA CELLS & MEMORY CELLS

front 28

-Activation of B cells-

Clonal deletion:

back 28

eliminates harmful B cells

front 29

-Antigen-Antibody Binding-

back 29

1. Agglutination
2. Opsonization
3. Activation of complement
4. Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
5. Neutralization

front 30

WHAT DO THESE REPRESENT?

1. Agglutination
2. Opsonization
3. Activation of complement
4. Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
5. Neutralization

back 30

-Antigen-Antibody Binding-

front 31

-T Cells & Cellular Immunity-

T cells mature in the

back 31

thymus

front 32

-T Cells & Cellular Immunity-

Thymic selection eliminates many

back 32

immature T cells

front 33

-T Cells & Cellular Immunity-

T cells respond to Ag by

back 33

T-cell receptors (TCRs)

front 34

What does TCR stand for?

back 34

T-cell receptors

front 35

-T Cells & Cellular Immunity-

T cells require

back 35

antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

front 36

What does APC stand for?

back 36

antigen-presenting cells

front 37

-T Cells & Cellular Immunity-

Pathogens entering the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts pass through:

back 37

* M (MICROFOLD)CELLS over
* PEYER'S PATCHES, which contain APCs

front 38

-T Helper Cells-

CD4+ or TH(H=subscript) cells

back 38

TCRs recognize Ags & MHCII on APC

front 39

-T Helper Cells-

TH(h=subscript) cells produce cytokines & differentiate into:

back 39

1. TH1 cells
2. TH2 cells
3. TH17 cells
4. MEMORY CELLS

front 40

-T Helper Cells-

TH1 produce IFN-y(gamma symbol), which activaties cells related to

back 40

cell-mediated immunity, macrophages & Abs

front 41

-T Helper Cells-

TH2 activate

back 41

Eosinophils & B cells to produce IgE

front 42

-T Helper Cells-

TH17 stimulate the

back 42

innate immune system

front 43

What T helper cell activates eosinophils & B cells to produce IgE?

back 43

TH2

front 44

What T helper cell activates cells related to cell-mediated immunity, macrophages & Abs?

back 44

TH1

front 45

What T helper cell stimulate the innate immune system?

back 45

TH17

front 46

-T Cytotoxic Cells-

back 46

CD8+ or Tc(subscript) cells

front 47

-T Cytotoxic Cells-

Target cells are self-cells carrying

back 47

endogenous antigens

front 48

-T Cytotoxic Cells-

Activated in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

back 48

* CTLs recognize Ag + MHCI

* Induce apoptosis in target cells

front 49

-T Cytotoxic Cells-

CTL releases

back 49

perforin & granzymes

front 50

-T Regulatory Cells-

Treg cells:

back 50

* CD4 & CD25 on surface

front 51

-T Regulatory Cells-

back 51

Suppress T cells against self

front 52

-Antigen-Presenting Cells-

Ag fragments on APC surface w/MHC:

back 52

* B cells
* Dendritic cells
* Activated macrophages

front 53

-Natuaral Killer (NK)Cells-

1

back 53

* Granular leukocytes destroy cells that don't express MHC I

front 54

-Natuaral Killer (NK)Cells-

2

back 54

** Kill virus-infected & tumor cells

front 55

-Natuaral Killer (NK)Cells-

3

back 55

*** Attack parasites

front 56

-ADCC-

back 56

* Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

front 57

-Cytokines-

Overproduction leads to

back 57

* cytokine storm

front 58

-Immunological Memory-

Antibody titer:

back 58

is the amount of Ab in serum

front 59

-Immunological Memory-

Primary response:

back 59

occurs after initial contact with Ag

front 60

-Immunological Memory-

Secondary (memory or anamnestic) response:

back 60

occurs after second exposure

front 61

-Types of Adaptive Immunity-

Naturally acquired active immunity:

back 61

Ag resulting from INFECTION

front 62

-Types of Adaptive Immunity-

Naturally acquired passive immunity:

back 62

Ab resulting from transplacental or via colostrum

front 63

-Types of Adaptive Immunity-

Artificially acquired active immunity:

back 63

Injection of Ag (vaccination)

front 64

-Types of Adaptive Immunity-

Artificially acquired passive immunity:

back 64

Injection of Ab

front 65

-Termionlogy of Adaptive Immunity-

SEROLOGY:

back 65

The study of reactions between antibodies & antigens

front 66

-Termionlogy of Adaptive Immunity-

ANTISERUM:

back 66

The generic term for serum because it contains Ab

front 67

-Termionlogy of Adaptive Immunity-

GLOBULINS:

back 67

Serum proteins

front 68

-Termionlogy of Adaptive Immunity-

IMMUNOGLOBULINS:

back 68

Antibodies

front 69

-Termionlogy of Adaptive Immunity-

GAMMA (y) GLOBULIN:

back 69

Serum fraction containing Ab

front 70

~These haven't been checked for spelling yet, so please excuse any errors at this time~

back 70

~These haven't been checked for spelling yet, so please excuse any errors at this time~