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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

33 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

NCEA Language Features (Level 1)

front 1

Simile

back 1

Compares two things using "like" or "as"

The milk was as curdled AS cottage cheese.

Creates imagery of lumpy, stinky milk.

front 2

Metaphor

back 2

Says that one thing IS something else

"There's a fire in my heart and you fan it, Janet." (Rocky Horror Picture Show)

Emphasises the passion Rocky feels for Janet. (His heart aches like it is on fire. Her beauty makes it hurt/burn more.)

front 3

Alliteration

back 3

When the first sound of two or more words is the same.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

The repetitive plosive /p/ sound makes Peter sound quite busy Picking those Peppers! (like fast breathing/exhaling.)

front 4

Allusion

back 4

When the text refers to another person, place, text.

When John said "I have a dream..." in his student rep speech, he was alluding to Martin Luther King, Jr's speech. He used this to try and give his speech gravity/seriousness.

front 5

Assonance

back 5

The repetition of internal vowel sounds.

The thUnder rUmbled all night long.

The deep "UH" sound reinforces the long, deep rumbling of the thunder.

front 6

Cliche

back 6

An expression that has been overused, but now everyone knows what it means.

I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!

This one lets you know that I am VERY hungry!

front 7

Connotation

back 7

The feeling that goes with the word (not what the word actually means).

Your room is a PIGSTY!

You understand that your room is very dirty, not that you have been moved to the barn.

front 8

Ellipsis

back 8

The use of three full stops (...) to show something has been omitted (left out) or that time has passed.

"Four years later..." or "He went to the store ... and also bought birdseed."

front 9

Emotive Language

back 9

Words that give us a "gut feeling" like love, hate, or terrorist.

front 10

Hyperbole
(hy-PER-bole-lee)

back 10

Exaggeration, often used as humour, for effect.

I will DIE if she doesn't ask me to dance.

front 11

Juxtaposition

back 11

To put things side by side (sometimes they don't look like they "go" together).

The BABY DADDY on "16 and Pregnant" tends to run off in the end because he can't take the responsibility.

Putting together Baby and Daddy creates a third concept.

front 12

Neologism
(neo = new)

back 12

To create a new word.

He's so SKUX!

The new word becomes accepted and eventually is no longer a neologism. Email was once one of these.

front 13

Onomatopoeia

back 13

Words that sound like what they mean.

Sizzle, buzz, moo, purr.

front 14

Oxymoron

back 14

Two words that don't "go" together (contradictory words), put together to give a new meaning.

The living dead; seriously funny.

front 15

First Person Point of View (POV)

back 15

Characterised by the use of "I," "me," "my."

The girl turned and looked directly into my eyes.

Limits the story to just what that character sees, hears, knows. Potential to be unreliable.

front 16

2nd Person POV

back 16

Characterised by "you."

"You are at a nightclub talking to a girl with a shaved head." (Bright Lights, Big City)

Intended to create intimacy between narrator and reader, but can also make the reader feel powerless.

front 17

3rd Person POV

back 17

Characterised by "he" or "she." Can be omnipotent or limited.

She glanced, sideways, at the old couple. Perhaps they would go soon. Last Sunday, too, hadn't been as interesting as usual. An Englishman and his wife, he wearing a dreadful Panama hat and she button boots. And she'd gone on the whole time about how she ought to wear spectacles; she knew she needed them; but that it was no good getting any; they'd be sure to break and they'd never keep on. And he'd been so patient. He'd suggested everything--gold rims, the kind that curve round your ears, little pads inside the bridge. No, nothing would please her. "They'll always be sliding down my nose!" Miss Brill had wanted to shake her. ("Miss Brill," by Katherine Mansfield)

front 18

Pun

back 18

Playful device where words with different meanings are used (or one word with several meanings).

I'm so good at sleeping, that I could do it with my eyes closed! (hahaha)

front 19

Synonyms

back 19

Words that have SIMILAR (but not always the same - remember "connotation?") meanings.

Wonderful, Terrific, Fantastic.

front 20

Antonyms

back 20

Words that have opposite meanings.

Terrific, Awful. Good, Bad. Nice, Mean.

front 21

Theme

back 21

The main idea. Be very careful when considering this; it is not one of the examples IN the text, but the overall view of the text itself.

front 22

Tone

back 22

The overall "feeling" of the piece, based on the word choice. Is he serious? Comic? Ironic?

front 23

Colloquialism

back 23

Slang that is particular to a location.

Hey - will you SHOUT me lunch?

New Zealanders use "shout," but you would not hear this expression in the United States. These can help establish setting.

front 24

Slang

back 24

Casual, informal language. Often linked to young people, or a particular sub-culture.

Yeah, bro, I get you.

A writer uses informal language to try and reach his audience on their level, so it doesn't seem like he's talking down to them.

front 25

Imperative

back 25

A command, often seen in advertising.

Don't delay - buy now!

These encourage you to take action. Can also be seen in persuasive writing, when the author makes a "call to action" near the end of the piece.

front 26

Repetition

back 26

The use of words/phrases more than once (on purpose, not because they can't think of a synonym).

I have told you, over and over and over, how important it is to do your homework.

Adds conviction to what is being said. Particularly effective in oral texts.

front 27

Jargon

back 27

Similar to slang, except this language is used within a specialist field.

For example, computer technicians don't say "turn it on," they say "boot it up." They don't say "turn it off," they say "shut it down."

Used to set a group apart, or identify with a certain group.

front 28

Euphemism

back 28

Used to make less-nice concepts acceptable to certain audiences.

For example, you wouldn't say, "Hey, I hear your old man kicked it." You would, because it is more polite, say: "I'm sorry to hear your father PASSED AWAY."

But euphemisms can also be funny: kicked the bucket, sucked a kumara, took a dirt nap, turned toes up, etc. Humour can help take the sting out of a painful situation.

front 29

Listing

back 29

Using several items in a row, often in the same form (like -ing words in this sample).

The car kept travelling, rolling, trundling down the road, even without a driver!

The use of this technique adds detail that reinforces a concept - the car kept going, although slower and slower, even though there was no one piloting it.

front 30

Minor sentences

back 30

A short, purposeful sentence without a subject, or without a verb. Often the missing bit is unspoken, but understood.

"Three." (meaning: It's three o'clock."

Often used to create the effect of a real conversation.

front 31

Stereotypes

back 31

Easily identifiable.

Kiwi Male: wears gumboots, shorts, and doesn't say much.

Nurse: wears white; is caring, helpful, nice.

Often used in advertising. Sets scene very quickly. Very simple message.

front 32

Elision

back 32

the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking (as in I'm, let's )."the shortening of words by elision"

the process of joining together or merging things, especially abstract ideas. "unease at the elision of so many vital questions"

A good way for poets to set metre. Also used for dialects in dialogue, as well as setting the tone of casual conversation.

front 33

Litotes

back 33

Deliberate use of understatement. Very common in NZ culture.

Q: How was dinner?
A: It was ok. (Means: It was good, I'd eat it again.)