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Pharmacology Final

front 1

The trade or brand name is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the manufacturer

back 1

False

front 2

The Harrison Narcotic Act prohibits fraudulent claims of drug effectiveness.

back 2

False

front 3

Prescriptions for Schedule II drugs cannot be refilled.

back 3

True

front 4

Controlled drugs are categorized according to therapeutic usefulness and potential for abuse.

back 4

True

front 5

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for assuring that new drugs are safe and effective before approving the drugs and allowing them to be marketed.

back 5

True

front 6

Individual drugs that represent groups of drugs are called

back 6

Prototypes

front 7

Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses, and their __________ characteristics.

back 7

Chemical

front 8

Drugs may be given for local or __________ effects.

back 8

Systemic

front 9

The goals of most pharmacoeconomic research is to identify __________ therapy regimens that provide the desired benefits at the least cost.

back 9

Drug

front 10

Phase __________ studies help to determine whether the potential benefits for the drug outweigh the risks.

back 10

III

front 11

Distribution is the method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransferred by the body.

back 11

False

front 12

Toxic concentrations may stem from a single large dose or repeated small doses.

back 12

True

front 13

Ingesting tyramine-containing foods with MAO inhibitors may produce severe hypertension.

back 13

True

front 14

Naloxone is used to relieve respiratory depression associated with morphine.

back 14

True

front 15

Hyperthyroidism slows metabolism, which shortens drug action and hastens elimination.

back 15

False

front 16

Activated __________ is considered the “universal” antedote.

back 16

Charcoal

front 17

___________ is the process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated.

back 17

Absorption

front 18

Body weight affects drug action mainly in relation to __________.

back 18

Dose

front 19

During pregnancy drugs cross the __________ and may harm the fetus.

back 19

Placenta

front 20

__________ are used in clinical drugs trials to compare the medication being tested with a “dummy” medication.

back 20

Placebos

front 21

The fact that a physician wrote an erroneous order excuses the nurse from legal liability if he or she carries out that order

back 21

False

front 22

It is safer and quicker to utilize abbreviations for drug names and routes of administration.

back 22

False

front 23

Controlled-release tablets can be crushed or chewed for slow absorption.

back 23

False

front 24

An example of a transdermal formulation includes nitroglycerin.

back 24

True

front 25

The desired or ordered dose and the available or labeled dose must be in the same units of measurement.

back 25

True

front 26

Insulin syringes are calibrated to measure up to __________ units of insulin.

back 26

100

front 27

The term __________ refers to lumen size, with larger numbers indicating smaller lumen sizes.

back 27

Gauge

front 28

Enteric-coated tablets and capsules are coated with a substance that is __________ in stomach acid.

back 28

Insoluble

front 29

The most commonly used system of measurement is the __________ system.

back 29

Metric

front 30

Milliequivalents express the __________ activity of a drug.

back 30

Ionic

front 31

Thrombogenesis may be lifesaving when it occurs as a response to hemorrhage.

back 31

True

front 32

Heparin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

back 32

False

front 33

Dosage of LMWHs should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment.

back 33

True

front 34

During heparin therapy, the aPTT should be maintained at approximately 3.0 times the control or baseline value.

back 34

False

front 35

Vitamin K (Mephyton) is the antidote to aspirin.

back 35

False

front 36

__________ is considered a second-line drug for patients who cannot take aspirin.

back 36

Ticlopidine

front 37

Thrombolytic agents stimulate conversion of plasminogen to __________.

back 37

Plasmin

front 38

Protamine sulfate is a(n) __________ for standard heparin and LMWHs.

back 38

Antidote

front 39

Heparin is the anticoagulant of choice in acute __________ disorders.

back 39

Thromboembolic

front 40

___________ dosage is regulated according to the INR.

back 40

Warfarin

front 41

If the patient is postmenopausal, hormone replacement therapy can raise HDL and lower LDL.

back 41

True

front 42

Fasting is required for cholesterol testing.

back 42

False

front 43

Weight loss can decrease HDL and increase LDL.

back 43

False

front 44

Statins are potentially teratogenic medications (pregnancy category D).

back 44

True

front 45

Plasma concentration of lovastatin is increased in patients with severe renal impairment.

back 45

False

front 46

Blood lipids are transported in plasma by specific proteins called __________.

back 46

Lipoproteins

front 47

Statins inhibit an enzyme required for __________ synthesis of cholesterol.

back 47

Hepatic

front 48

Bile acid sequestrants are used mainly to reduce __________ cholesterol further in patients who are already taking a statin drug.

back 48

LDL

front 49

__________ is the most effective drug for increasing the concentration of HDL cholesterol.

back 49

Niacin

front 50

__________ are the most effective drugs for reducing serum triglyceride levels.

back 50

Fibrates

front 51

Immunizations with toxoids are permanent.

back 51

False

front 52

Immune serums are the biologic products used for active immunity.

back 52

False

front 53

Hyperimmune serums are available for varicella zoster (shingles).

back 53

True

front 54

MMR is not recommended in children with severe immunosuppression.

back 54

True

front 55

Vaccines and toxoids must be given after exposure to the pathogenic microorganism.

back 55

False

front 56

Products containing aluminum should be given __________.

back 56

Intramuscularly

front 57

Vaccines and toxoids are usually contraindicated during __________ illness.

back 57

Febrile

front 58

Persons with asymptomatic HIV infection should receive __________ vaccines.

back 58

Inactivated

front 59

Because some vaccines are administered more than once, a child may receive more than 20 injections by __________ years of age.

back 59

Two

front 60

Contracting __________ during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of birth defects in the newborn.

back 60

Rubella