front 1 Replication begins at a point in the DNA called the ___. | back 1 a. promoter site b. origin c. template strand d. transcription site |
front 2 A group of genes under control of one promoter site is a(n) ___. | back 2 a. recombinant DNA b. operon c. reverse transcription d. mutation |
front 3 To form the molecule below, dehydration takes place at C1 of the pentose ring and at an N-H hydrogen at position ___ of the purine base. | back 3 a. 6 b. 1 c. 9 d. 7 |
front 4 Which of the following organic bases is found in DNA and not in RNA? | back 4 a. guanine b. cytosine c. thymine d. uracil |
front 5 The ___ has a "cloverleaf" shape and carries the amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. | back 5 a. transfer RNA b. messenger RNA c. ribosomal RNA d. transfer DNA |
front 6 Which of the following organic bases is a purine derivative? | back 6 a. Cytosine b. Thymine c. Pyrimidine d. Guanine |
front 7 ___ is any permanent change in the primary structure of DNA. | back 7 a. Recombinant DNAb. Gene expressionc. Operon d. Mutation |
front 8 A cyclic nucleotide is produced when | back 8 a. the monosaccharide in the nucleotide is in the closed form. b. the nitrogen base is in the cyclic form. c. the phosphate attaches to the monosaccharide and the base. d. the phosphate attaches to the monosaccharide in two places. |
front 9 When a purine or pyrimidine base is combined with a sugar residue such as ribose or deoxyribose, the resulting compound is known as a ___. | back 9 a. nucleoside b. nucleotide c. polynucleotide d. oligonucleotide |
front 10 tRNA is a type of RNA that is responsible for | back 10 a. transferring the information for protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes. b. supplying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. c. carrying the newly formed protein out of the nucleus of the cell. d. cutting long proteins into shorter molecules when the proteins are needed by the cell. |
front 11 If BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are defective | back 11 a. the probability of breast cancer is increased for women, but not for men. b. the genes can be repaired by recombinational repair. c. the probability of having breast cancer is nearly 100%. d. the risk of having breast cancer rises from below 15% to as much as 85%. |
front 12 Which of the following organic bases is found in RNA and not in DNA? | back 12 a. guanine b. cytosine c. thymine d. uracil |
front 13 The process by which DNA unwinds and synthesizes a copy of new DNA is known as ___. | back 13 a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. reverse transcription |
front 14 In the double strand of DNA, the sugar-phosphate backbones with their negatively charged phosphate groups are on the inside and the bases are on the outside.Select one: | back 14 False |
front 15 A characteristic of RNA that is not shared with DNA is | back 15 a. RNA is not found in the nucleus of cells; DNA is found in the nucleus. b. the backbone of RNA does not contain phosphate. c. RNA substitutes A for C in the base pairings. d. RNA molecules are composed of a single strand. |
front 16 Although the primary structures of proteins and DNA are defined in the same manner, the secondary structures are not. The secondary structure of DNA is | back 16 a. the β-helix formed by the strand b. the sheets of DNA molecules laying side-by-side c. the globular portions of the DNA structure d. the double helix |
front 17 A nucleoside triphosphate contains two phosphoanhydride bonds. | back 17 True |
front 18 The following is a sugar found in nucleic acids: | back 18 a. ribose/DNA b. 2-deoxyribose/DNA c. ribose/RNAd. 2-deoxyribose/RNA |
front 19 The bases adenine, guanine, and uracil are used in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. | back 19 FALSE |
front 20 DNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in which process? | back 20 a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. reverse transcription |
front 21 IF DNA is heated and then cooled, | back 21 a. the DNA becomes denatured and then renatured. b. the DNA becomes denatured and then twists into new shapes.c. the strands of DNA separate and then come together end to end.d. the strands of DNA establish more chemical bonds than before the heating. |
front 22 The triphosphate in ATP is linked to C-5’ of the ribose by | back 22 a. a β-N-glycosidic linkage. b. a phosphoester bond. c. a peptide bond.d. a hydrogen bond. |
front 23 Polynucleotides have definite 5’ and 3’ ends (terminus). | back 23 TRUE |
front 24 Among the mechanisms Escherichia coli has for the control of β-galactosidase production is | back 24 a. that the combination of cAMP and CAP restricts the ability of RNA polymerase to function.b. the presence of the b. the presence of the lac operon necessary for the production of the enzyme to be halted reducing overproduction. c. that glucose must be absent and galactose present for the production to begin.d. that the speed with which the enzyme is produced is accelerated by the presence of both galactose and glucose. |
front 25 Which of the following determines the primary structure of both DNA and RNA? | back 25 a. the sequence of sugar moleculesb. complimentary base pairingc. coiling of the helices into a tight, compact shaped. the sequence of nucleotide residues d. the sequence of nucleotide residues |
front 26 Which of the following sequence of bases in the DNA strand will be complimentary to the single DNA strand shown here to produce a double strand? | back 26 a. 5’ G-A-T-T-A-G-G-A-A 5’ b. 5’ C-G-A-A-T-C-C-T-A 3’ c. 3’ C-C-G-T-G-G-G-A-T 5’ d. 3’ G-C-T-T-A-G-G-A-T 5’ |
front 27 The following structure is known as a ___. | back 27 a. nucleoside b. nucleotide c. polynucleotided. oligonucleotide |
front 28 Two strands of DNA are held in position relative to each other by means of ___. | back 28 a. covalent bondsb. ionic bondsc. disulfide bonds d. hydrogen bonding |
front 29 DNA and RNA | back 29 a. differ in both their monosaccharide and nitrogen base components .b. contain the same nitrogen bases, but different monosaccharides.c. have the same composition, except for the monosaccharides.d. are both produced by animals, but RNA is not produced by plants. |
front 30 Transgenic goats have had human genes inserted into their DNA that code for the production of which of following serum protein anticoagulants?Select one: | back 30 a. thrombin b. hemoglobin c. antithrombin d. insulin |
front 31 What is present in a nucleotide that is not found in a nucleoside? | back 31 a. a phosphate b. a monosaccharidec. an alcohol groupd. a nitrogen base |
front 32 Glycolysis is controlled in steps: | back 32 a. 1, 2, and 3b. 2, 5 and 7 c. 1, 3 and 10 d. 3, 5 and 8 |
front 33 How do the monosaccharides produced during digestion get into the circulatory system? | back 33 a. They are absorbed by the cells in the intestinal lining and are released into the blood. b. They are absorbed by the cells in the stomach lining and released into the blood.c. They are able to move between the cells of the stomach lining directly into the blood.d. They are transported by the action of the cell membranes of the digestive tract. |
front 34 ___ is defined as the reactions that break down large molecules into small ones and release energy in the form of ATP. | back 34 a. Metabolism b. Catabolism c. Anabolismd. Hydrolysis |
front 35 Which of the choices below present products of the citric acid cycle? | back 35 a. ATP, ADP, and CO2 b. NADH, FADH2, and GTP c. FAD, NAD+, ADP, and H2O d. CO2, H2O, ATP, and GTP, and NAD+ |
front 36 The amount of energy obtained from hydrolysis of ATP is | back 36 a. -11.8 kcal.b. - 36 kcal.c. -4.5 kcal. d. -7.3 kcal. |
front 37 Gluconeogenesis is a process by which glucose is produced | back 37 a. in the liver from noncarbohydrate sources. b. in the mitochondrion if there is an excess of fructose.c. by the enzymes located on the cristae.d. by exactly reversing the process of glycolysis. |
front 38 In a coupled reaction of a metabolic pathway, a spontaneous reaction provides the energy needed by a nonspontaneous one. | back 38 True |
front 39 A metabolic pathway in which the product of one reaction is the reactant in the next reaction in a continuous series is defined as a ___ pathway | back 39 a. linear b. circularc. spirald. coupled |
front 40 The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach with hydrolysis being catalyzed by ___. | back 40 a. chymotrypsin b. pepsin c. amylase d. lipase |
front 41 Amylase | back 41 a. is an enzyme that continues functioning in the stomach.b. is the only enzyme in the saliva that hydrolyzes proteins.c. is a carbohydrate easily digested in the stomach. d. catalyzes hydrolysis of some of the bonds in amylose. |
front 42 Which choice is a goal of catabolism? | back 42 a. the production of heatb. the attachment of the coenzyme A residue c. the generation of ATP molecules d. the production of two-carbon fragments |
front 43 One step in the catabolism of glucose involves the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into ___. | back 43 a. glucose b. fructose 6-phosphate c. glucose 3-phosphated. pyruvate |
front 44 Which of the following products are formed in one pass through the -oxidation spiral when a fatty acyl-CoA is shortened by two carbon atoms? | back 44 a. NADH and pyruvate b. FADH2 and pyruvate c. NADH and FADH2 d. ATP and glycogen |
front 45 The citric acid cycle has which step as a main control? | back 45 a. step 3, isocitrate α-ketoglutarate b. step 1, acetyl-CoA citratec. step 7, fumarate malated. step 8, malate oxaloacetate |
front 46 The acetyl-CoA from the fatty acid catabolism enters the ___ whereas the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 enter ___.Select one: | back 46 a. citric acid cycle/the electron transport chain b. electron transport chain/glycolysis c. citric acid cycle/glycolysis d. glycolysis/the citric acid cycle |
front 47 The compounds needed to start the citric acid cycle are | back 47 a. acetyl-CoA and citrate.b. isocitrate and NAD+.c. acetyl-CoA and NADH. d. acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. |
front 48 If acetyl-CoA concentrations reach too high levels, | back 48 a. ketone bodies can be produced leading to a toxic condition. b. the citric acid cycle increases in reaction rate to use the excess acetyl-CoA.c. pathways other than the citric acid cycle activate to remove the excess acetyl-CoA.d. the ketone bodies are stored in special cells and used as a source of energy when required. |
front 49 Lipogenesis | back 49 a. produces fatty acids by means of a spiral pathway.b. produces fatty acids by joining two carbon atoms at a time.c. does not produce all of the fatty acids required by humans. d. All of these answer choices are correct. |
front 50 ___ takes place in the cytoplasm while ___ takes place in the mitochondria. | back 50 a. Citric acid cycle/electron transport chainb. Electron transport chain/glycolysisc. Citric acid cycle/glycolysis d. Glycolysis/citric acid cycle |
front 51 Most of triglyceride digestion occurs in the ___. | back 51 a. mouthb. stomach c. small intestine d. liver |
front 52 Sometimes the reduction of oxygen to water is incomplete, resulting in | back 52 a. a greater production of ATP because there are more hydrogen ions present. b. toxic products, which are superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. c. a greater production of FADH2 from the extra hydrogen ions.d. hydrogen gas, which can be excreted and does not build up. |
front 53 In a cell, fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in ___. | back 53 a. mitochondria b. the cytoplasm c. the nucleus d. lysosome |
front 54 Catabolism reactions are those that produce more complex molecules from the simpler molecules along with a release of energy. | back 54 FALSE |
front 55 During glycolysis and under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into ___. | back 55 a. lactate b. acetyl-CoA c. ketonesd. ADP |
front 56 A metabolic pathway in which a series of reactions is used to repeatedly break down or build up a molecule is defined as a ___ pathway. | back 56 a. linearb. circular c. spiral d. coupled |
front 57 Glycogen can be broken down to form glucose 1-phosphate, which is directly involved in glycolysis. | back 57 TRUE |
front 58 Where in a cell do the formation of acetyl-CoA and the citric acid cycle occur? | back 58 a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria c. nucleusd. lysosome |
front 59 The following structure represents which of the following nucleotides? | back 59 a. UMP b. GDP c. GTP d. ATP |
front 60 The function of RNA polymerase is to | back 60 a. cause the RNA molecule to increase in length during protein production. b. cause the RNA molecule to coil into a shape that helps in DNA replication. c. disrupt the double helix by isolating one strand from the other. d. synthesize an RNA molecule that remains attached to the DNA. |
front 61 Which is involved in expression? | back 61 a. replicationb. transcriptionc. translation d. both transcription and translation |
front 62 Chromatin is a molecule that | back 62 a. is produced from chromosomes during early cell reproduction. b. coils and folds to become a chromosome before cell division occurs. c. is a special form of DNA where protein interacts with the nitrogen bases. d. is a special part of the tertiary structure of DNA composed of a single helix. |
front 63 The structures of DNA and RNA | back 63 alternate monosaccharide and phosphate components.b. have a nitrogen base projecting off each monosaccharide.c. are due to the chemical bond between the nitrogen base and the c. are due to the chemical bond between the nitrogen base and the phosphate d. have alternate monosaccharide and phosphate components and have a nitrogen base projecting off each monosaccharide. |
front 64 ___ is exclusively used to for reductive biosynthesis reactions. | back 64 a. NADPH b. ATP c. ADP d. NAD+ |
front 65 During oxidative deamination | back 65 a. ammonium ions are removed from one amino acid and placed on another amino acid.b. oxygen reacts with the amino acid releasing nitrogen-oxygen compounds.c. new compounds are produced by the addition of a carboxyl group. d. potentially toxic ammonium ions are produced. |
front 66 ___ is the sum of all of the reactions that take place in a living thing. | back 66 a. Metabolism b. Catabolismc. Anabolismd. Hydrolysis |
front 67 The location in the cell where ATP is produced is the ___. | back 67 a. mitochondria b. lysosomec. nucleusd. cell membrane |
front 68 The allosteric enzyme phospofructokinase is switched off by ___. | back 68 a. glucose b. isocitratec. AMP d. ATP |
front 69 The following image is a sugar found in nucleic acids: | back 69 a. ribose/DNAb. deoxyribose/DNA c. ribose/RNA d. deoxyribose/RNA |
front 70 Thymine is a base found in RNA and not in DNA. | back 70 false |
front 71 ow many bonds are broken when the following molecule is completely hydrolyzed? | back 71 a. 2 b. 1c. 3d. 4 |
front 72 The fatty acids produced from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can | back 72 a. be used to enter directly into glycolysis, producing extra ATP. b. be oxidized to produce acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. c. produce glucose by a pathway separate from gluconeogenesis. d. be modified to undergo either glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. |
front 73 The total NADH produced in one citric acid cycle are ___. | back 73 a. 3 b. 2c. 4d. 6 |