Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

85 notecards = 22 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Activity 3: Cranial Nerves and Identifying and Testing Cranial Nerves

front 1

The cranial nerves are part of which nervous system and not the other?

back 1

Part of the PNS and not the CNS

front 2

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

back 2

12 pairs of cranial nerves

front 3

The 12 pairs of the cranial nerves serve what 2 body parts?

back 3

1. Head

2. Neck

front 4

What is unique about the vagus nerves (X) in regard to the other nerves?

back 4

It extends into the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

front 5

What are the only 2 nerves that do not arise from the brain stem and do not pass through the foramina to reach their destination?

back 5

1. Olfactory nerves (I)

2. Optic nerves (II)

front 6

What does OO, OTTAF-VGVAH stand for?

back 6

On Occasion, Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny-Very Good Vehicle AnyHow

front 7

On Occasion, Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny-Very Good Vehicle AnyHow

List the cranial nerves based on this mnemonic.

back 7

I. Olfactory nerve

II. Optic nerve

III. Oculomotor nerve

IV. Trochlear nerve

V. Trigeminal nerve

VI. Abducens nerve

VII. Facial nerve

VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve

X. Vagus nerve

XI. Accessory nerve

XII. Hypoglossal nerve

front 8

Most cranial nerves are what kind of nerves?

back 8

Mixed nerves

front 9

What are mixed nerves?

back 9

Containing both motor and sensory fibers

front 10

What are 3 pairs of cranial nerves that are primarily or exclusively sensory in function?

back 10

1. Olfactory nerve (I)

2. Optic nerve (II)

3. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

front 11

How come the olfactory nerves (I) are not visible on the brain model?

back 11

They consist of only short axons that run from the nasal mucossa through the cibriform foramina of the ethmoid bone.

front 12

What from the olfactory nerves (I) is visible on the brain model, and what kind of points do they act as?

back 12

Olfactory bulbs which act as synapse points

front 13

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Compare the cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum. Which of these structures is obviously much larger in the human brain?

back 13

The cerebrum

front 14

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Axons of olfactory neurons run from the nasal mucosa through the cibriform foramina of the ethmoid bone to synapse with what?

back 14

Olfactory bulbs

front 15

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

How does the size of the sheep's olfactory bulbs compare with those of humans?

back 15

Sheep=shorter and thicker (larger)

front 16

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Is the sense of smell more important for protection and foraging in sheep or humans?

back 16

More important for sheeps

front 17

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

The optic nerve (II) carries sensory impulses from which part of the eye?

back 17

Retina of the eye

front 18

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Which nerve is involved in the sense of vision?

back 18

Optic nerve (II)

front 19

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What 2 structures protrude from the ventral aspect of the hypothalamus? (Hint: posterior to the optic chiasma)

back 19

1. Infundibulum (immediately posterior to the optic chiasma)

2. Mammillary body

front 20

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What is different with the sheep's mammillary body versus that of a human's?

back 20

The sheep's mammillary body is a single rounded eminence, whereas in humans, it is a double structure.

front 21

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What are cerebral peduncles?

back 21

Fiber tracts

front 22

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Cerebral peduncles connect what 2 brain parts?

back 22

1. Cerebrum

2. Medulla oblongata

front 23

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

The large oculomotor nerves (III) and trochlear nerves (IV) provide motor fibers to what muscles of what body part?

back 23

To extrinsic muscles of the eyeball.

front 24

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

The pons and the medulla oblongata are composed primarily of what?

back 24

Ascending and descending fiber tracts.

front 25

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What are the 2 functions of trigeminal nerves (V)?

back 25

1. Involved in chewing

2. Involved in sensations of the head and face

front 26

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Abducens nerves (VI) do what to the eye?

back 26

Abduct the eye

front 27

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Facial nerves (VII) are involved in what 3 functions?

back 27

1. Taste sensation

2. Gland function (i.e. salivary and lacrimal glands)

3. Facial expression

front 28

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) are involved in what 2 functions?

back 28

1. Hearing

2. equilibrium

front 29

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) are mostly what type of nerves?

back 29

Sensory nerves

front 30

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) contain ____ fibers that innervate throat structures and sensory fibers that transmit ____ stimuli.

back 30

Motor fibers that innervate throat structures and sensory fibers that transmit taste stimuli.

front 31

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Vagus nerves (X) serve what 3 body parts?

back 31

1. head

2. thorax

3. abdominal cavity

front 32

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Accesssory nerves (XI) serve muscles of what 3 body parts?

back 32

1. Neck

2. Larynx

3. Shoulders

front 33

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Hypoglossal nerves (XII) stimulate muscles of what 2 body parts?

back 33

1. tongue muscles

2. neck muscles

front 34

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

How does the depth of the fissures in the sheep's cerebral hemispheres compare to that in the human brain?

back 34

Sheep brain has less deep fissures.

front 35

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

How does the cerebellum of the sheep and human differ?

back 35

The sheep's cerebellum is not divided longitudinally.

front 36

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What dural fold is missing in the sheep brain that is present in humans?

back 36

The falx cerebelli is missing in sheep brains, because in humans, this structure separates the cerebellar hemispheres.

front 37

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In the sheep brain, what connects the cerebellum to the medulla?

back 37

The inferior cerebellar peduncles.

front 38

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In the sheep brain, what connects the cerebellum to the pons?

back 38

The middle cerebellar peduncles.

front 39

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In the sheep brain, what connects the cerebellum to the midbrain?

back 39

The superior cerebellar peduncles.

front 40

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

What is the function of the corpora quadrigemina?

back 40

Act as reflex centers for vision and hearing.

front 41

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In both brains, what is the thin nervous tissue membrane that is ventral to the corpus callosum and separates the lateral ventricles?

back 41

Septum pellucidum

front 42

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

How does the size of the fornix in the sheep brain compare with the human fornix?

back 42

The sheep fornix is larger.

front 43

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

Why is the sheep fornix larger than the human fornix?

back 43

The fornix in sheeps is involved in the memory of smell, a sense that is more important in sheeps.

front 44

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In both brains, what forms the floor of the third ventricle?

back 44

The hypothalamus

front 45

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In both brains, what forms the anterior walls of the fourth ventricle?

back 45

Cerebral peduncles

front 46

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

T/F. In both brains, the medulla oblongata continues into the spinal cord without any obvious anatomical change.

back 46

True.

front 47

Sheep Brain vs Human Brain

In both brains, when does the spinal cord begin?

back 47

When the fourth ventricle narrows to a small canal.

front 48

What is the origin of the olfactory nerve (I)

back 48

Olfactory epithelium

front 49

The olfactory nerve (I) is purely what type of nerve?

back 49

Purely sensory nerve

front 50

What is the function of the olfactory nerve (I)?

back 50

Carries afferent impulses associated with smell

front 51

What is the origin of the optic nerve (II)?

back 51

Retina of eye

front 52

What type of nerve is the optic nerve (II)?

back 52

Purely sensory nerve

front 53

What is the function of the optic nerve (II)?

back 53

Carries afferent impulses associated with vision.

front 54

What is the origin of the oculomotor nerve (III)?

back 54

Midbrain

front 55

What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve (III)?

back 55

Primarily motor nerve

front 56

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve (III)?

back 56

Carries somatic motor fibers to inferior oblique and superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles to direct eyeball.

front 57

What is the origin of the trochlear nerve (IV)?

back 57

Midbrain

front 58

What type of nerve is the trochlear nerve (IV)?

back 58

Primarily motor

front 59

What is the function of the trochlear nerve (IV)?

back 59

Provides somatic fibers to superior oblique muscle that moves the eyeball.

front 60

What is the origin of the trigeminal nerve (V)?

back 60

From the face

front 61

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve (V)?

back 61

Mixed nerve

front 62

What are the 2 functions (sensory and motor) of the trigeminal nerve (V)?

back 62

1. Sensory fibers conduct sensory impulses from skin of face

2. Motor fibers innervate muscles of mastication

front 63

What is the origin of the abducens nerve (VI)?

back 63

Pons

front 64

What type of nerve is the abducens nerve (VI)?

back 64

Primarily motor nerve

front 65

What is the function of the abducens nerve (VI)?

back 65

Carries somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle that abducts the eyeball

front 66

What is the origin of the facial nerve (VII)?

back 66

Pons

front 67

What type of nerve is the facial nerve (VII)?

back 67

Mixed nerve

front 68

What are the 2 functions (motor and sensory) of the facial nerve (VII)?

back 68

1. Supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression

2. Carries sensory fibers from taste receptors to tongue

front 69

What is the origin of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?

back 69

Inner ear equilibrium and hearing apparatus

front 70

What type of nerve is the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?

back 70

Mostly sensory nerve

front 71

What is the 2 functions (vestibular and cochlear branches) of the vestibulochochlear nerve (VIII)?

back 71

1. Vestibular branch transmits impulses associated with sense of equilibrium

2. Cochlear branch transmits impulses associated with hearing

front 72

What is the origin of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

back 72

Medulla oblongata

front 73

What type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

back 73

Mixed nerve

front 74

What are the 2 functions (motor and sensory) of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

back 74

1. Somatic fibers serve pharyngeal muscles

2. Sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx

front 75

What is the origin of the vagus nerve (X)?

back 75

Medulla oblongata

front 76

What type of nerve is the vagus nerve (X)?

back 76

Mixed nerve

front 77

What are the 2 functions (motor and sensory) of the vagus nerve (X)?

back 77

1. Somatic motor fibers carry impulses to pharynx and larynx

2. Transmits sensory impulses from viscera

front 78

What is the origin of the accessory nerve (XI)?

back 78

Medulla oblongata

front 79

What type of nerve is the accessory nerve (XI) but what is it primarily in function?

back 79

Mixed nerve but primarily motor in function

front 80

What are the function of the accessory nerve (XI)?

back 80

Provides somatic motor fibers to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

front 81

What is the origin of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?

back 81

Medulla oblongata

front 82

What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve (XII) but what is it primarily in function?

back 82

Mixed nerve but primarily motor in function

front 83

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)?

back 83

Carries somatic motor fibers to tongue muscles

front 84

Identify the blanks.

back 84

front 85

Identify the blanks.

back 85