front 1 vesicles | back 1 small fluid-filled lesions |
front 2 bullae | back 2 vesicles larger than 1cm |
front 3 macules | back 3 flat, reddened lesions |
front 4 papules | back 4 raised lesions |
front 5 enanthem | back 5 rash in the mucous membrane |
front 6 exanthem | back 6 skin rash that arises from disease conditions |
front 7 toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) | back 7 superantigens that activates a lot of WBCs ate once |
front 8 bacterial microbiota of the eye usually originate from | back 8 the skin and upper respiratory tract |
front 9 staphylococci are gram positive bacteria that often grow in clusters | back 9 true |
front 10 the majority of the skin microbiota consist of coagulase negative ___ | back 10 staphylococcus epidermidis |
front 11 almost all pathogenic strains of ____ produce coagulase | back 11 S. aureus |
front 12 what can pathogenic S. aureus produce | back 12 enterotoxins leukocidins exfoliative toxin |
front 13 Many strains of S. aureus produce penicillinase. What are they treated by | back 13 vancomycin |
front 14 localized infections results from | back 14 S. aureus entering openings in the skin |
front 15 folliculitis | back 15 pimple |
front 16 abscess | back 16 localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue |
front 17 carbuncle | back 17 hard, round, deep inflammation of tissue under the skin |
front 18 impetigo | back 18 highly contagious superficial skin infection caused by S. aureus in infants |
front 19 toxemia | back 19 occurs when toxins enter the bloodstream. staphylococcal toxemias include scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome |
front 20 streptococci | back 20 gram positive cocci that often grow in chains classified according to their hemolytic enzymes and cell wall antigens |
front 21 what are the most important pathogens to humans | back 21 Group A hemolytics S. pyogenes |
front 22 what are some skin infections caused by S. pyogenes | back 22 erysipelas (reddish patches) impetigo (isolated pustules) |
front 23 invasive group A beta hemolytic streptococci causes | back 23 severe and rapid tissue destruction |
front 24 pseudomonads are gram positive rods | back 24 false |
front 25 pseudomonads are aerobes found primarily in soil and water that are resistant to many disinfectants and antibiotics | back 25 true |
front 26 Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces | back 26 endotoxin and several exotoxins |
front 27 DIseases caused by P. aeruginosa include | back 27 otitis externa, respiratory infections, burn infections and dermatitis |
front 28 infections have a characteristic blue-green pus caused by a pigment known as | back 28 pyocyanin |
front 29 what is used to treat P. aeruginosa infections | back 29 quinolones |
front 30 streptokinases | back 30 enzymes that dissolve blood clots |
front 31 hyaluronidase | back 31 an enzyme that dissolves the hyalunoric acid in the connective tissue |
front 32 Deoxyribonucleases | back 32 enzymes that degrade DNA |
front 33 variola virius causes which two types of skin infections | back 33 variola major and minor |
front 34 smallpox is transmitted by the ____ and the virus is moved to the skin via the ____ | back 34 respiratory route; bloodstream |
front 35 humans are not the only host of smallpox | back 35 false |
front 36 smallpox has been eradicated as a result of a vaccination effort by the WHO | back 36 true |
front 37 what virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and is localized in the skin cells causing a vesicular rash | back 37 varicella-zoster virus |
front 38 complications of chickenpox include | back 38 encephalitis and reye's syndrome |
front 39 after chickenpox, the virus can remain latent in nerve cells and subsequently activate as | back 39 shingles |
front 40 shingles is characterized by a vesicular rash along the affected cutaneous sensory nerves | back 40 true |
front 41 what is used to treat chickenpox | back 41 acyclovir |
front 42 herpes simplex infection of mucosal cells results in | back 42 cold sores and ocassionally encephalitis |
front 43 HSV-1 is transmitted primarily by | back 43 oral and respiratory routes |
front 44 herpes encephalitis occurs when | back 44 herpes simplex viruses infect the brain |
front 45 measles | back 45 caused by measles virus and transmitted by the respiratory route |
front 46 vaccination provides effective long-term immunity for what | back 46 measles |
front 47 after measles virus has incubated in the upper respiratory tract | back 47 macular lesions appear on the skind and koplik's spots appear on the oral mucosa |
front 48 complications of measles include | back 48 middle ear infections pneumonia encephalitis secondary bacterial infections |
front 49 the rubella virus is transmitted by | back 49 the respiratory route |
front 50 a red rash and light fever might occur in an infected person with rubella | back 50 true |
front 51 congenital rubella syndrome can affect a fetus when | back 51 a woman contracts rubella during the first trimester of her pregnancy |
front 52 damage from congenital rubella syndromes includes | back 52 stillbirth deafness eye cataracts heart defects mental retardation |
front 53 fungi that colonize the outer layer of the epidermis cause | back 53 dermatomycoses |
front 54 what causes ringworm/tinea | back 54 Microsporum trichophyton epidermophyton |
front 55 cutaneous mycoses grow on | back 55 keratin-containing epidermis such as hair, skin, and nails |
front 56 ringworm and athlete's foot are usually treated with | back 56 topical antifungal chemicals |
front 57 how is cutaneous mycoses diagnosed | back 57 based on the microscopic examination of skin scrapings or fungal culture |
front 58 ___ causes infections of mucous membranes and is common cause of thrush and vaginitis | back 58 candida albicans |
front 59 C. albicans are ____ that may proliferate when the normal bacterial microbiota are suppressed | back 59 opportunistic pathogen |
front 60 what chemicals are used to treat candidiasis | back 60 topical antifungal |
front 61 what causes scabies | back 61 by a mite burrowing and laying eggs in the skin |
front 62 pediculosis is an infestation by | back 62 pediculus humanus |
front 63 bacterial microbiota of the eye usually originate from | back 63 the kin and upper respiratory tract |
front 64 Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia is caused by the _____ from an infected mother to an infant during its passage through the birth canal | back 64 Neisseria gonorrheae |
front 65 all newborn infants are treated with an antibiotic to prevent neisseria and chlamydia infection | back 65 true |
front 66 inclusion conjuctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva caused by_____. It is transmitted to infants during birth and is transmitted in unchlorinated swimming water | back 66 chlamydia trachomatis |
front 67 trachoma is caused by ___ scar tissue forms in the cornea | back 67 C. trachomatis |
front 68 trachoma is transmitted by | back 68 hands, fomites, and flies |
front 69 inflammation of the cornea is known as | back 69 keratitis |
front 70 ___ causes corneal ulcers | back 70 herpetic keratitis |
front 71 what invades the central nervous system to cause herpetic keratitis | back 71 HSV-1 |
front 72 what is used to treat scabies | back 72 permethrin |
front 73 pediculus humanus capitis | back 73 head louse |
front 74 pediculus humanus corporis | back 74 body louse |
front 75 what are the three genera of fungi involved in cutaneous mycosis | back 75 trichopyton microsporum epidermophyton |
front 76 trichophyton | back 76 can infect hair, skin, or nails |
front 77 microsporum | back 77 usually involves only the hair or skin |
front 78 epidermophyton | back 78 affects only the skin and nails |
front 79 tinea capitis | back 79 ringworm |
front 80 tinea crusis | back 80 ringworm of the groin |
front 81 tinea pedis | back 81 ringworm of the feet (athlete's foot) |
front 82 tinea unguium | back 82 ringworm of the fingernails or toenails |