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73 notecards = 19 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Muscles of the Forearm and Hand

front 1

The anterior forearm is the _________ side.

back 1

flexor

front 2

The _______ forearm is the extensor side

back 2

posterior

front 3

If the tendon of a muscle attaches towards the thumb, it will have ______ in the name and will at least ________ the wrist

back 3

radialis; abduct

front 4

If the tendon of a muscle attaches toward the __________, it will have ulnaris in the name and will at least _______ the wrist

back 4

pinky; adduct

front 5

If the tendon of a muscle attaches to the thumb, it will have _______ in its name

back 5

pollicis

front 6

If the tendons of a muscle attach to digits 2-5, the muscle will have _____ in its name

back 6

digitorum

front 7

How are the muscles of the arm organized?

back 7

There is an anterior and posterior compartment. Each compartment has superficial and deep groups of muscles

front 8

How many muscles total are in the anterior forearm?

back 8

Eight

front 9

How many muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

back 9

Five

front 10

How many muscles are in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

back 10

Three

front 11

Name the muscles of the superficial anterior forearm

back 11

Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ularis, and flexor digitorum superficialis

front 12

Which is the deepest muscle of the superficial forearm muscles?

back 12

flexor digitorum superficialis

front 13

O A I INN of pronator teres

back 13

O ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

I lateral surface of radius

A pronates the forearm, flex the elbow

Inn median n

front 14

O A I INN of flexor carpi radialis

back 14

O medial epicondyle of humerus

I base of second metacarpal

A flexes the wrist, abducts the wrist

Inn median n

front 15

O A I INN of palmaris longus?

back 15

O medial epicondyle of humerus

I palmar aponeurosis and distal half of flexor retinaculum

A flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

Inn median n

front 16

O A I INN of flexor carpi ulnaris longus

back 16

O olecranon and posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis

I pisiform, hook of hamate, and fifth metacarpal

A flexes write, adducts wrist

Inn ulnar n

front 17

What are the four MOST superficial anterior forearm muscles, from lateral to medial

back 17

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

front 18

O I A INN of flexor digitorum superficialis

back 18

O medial epicondyle

I middle phalanges 2-5

A flexes digits 2-5

Inn median n

front 19

Which nerve innervates all superficial anterior forearm muscles except one? What is the exception and what is it innervated by?

back 19

median n; flexor carpi ulnaris; ulnar n

flexor carpi ulnaris is most medial muscle of this group

front 20

Which muscle of the superficial anterior forearm is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

back 20

flexor carpi ulnaris longus

front 21

O I A INN of flexor digitorum superficialis

back 21

O humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

radial head: oblique line of radius

I middle phalanges 2-5

A flex wrist, flex pip joints of digit 2-5 and flexes MTP joints

Inn median n

front 22

What are the three deep anterior forearm muscles?

back 22

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

front 23

Describe the innervations of the deep anterior forearm muscles

back 23

all innervated by median n. half of flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the ulnar n

front 24

O I A Inn of flexor digitorum profundus

back 24

O anterior proximal 3/4 of ulna and interosseus membrane

I distal phalanges 2-5

A flexes digits 2-5 at DIP joints ; flexes wrist

Inn to digits 2 and 3: median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

to digits 4 and 5 ulnar nerve

front 25

O I A Inn of flexor pollicis longus

back 25

O The middle 2/4 of the anterior surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane.

IThe base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A flex pollux at MTP and IP joints; flex wrist

Inn anterior interosseous nerve from median n

front 26

O I A INN of pronator quadratus

back 26

O distal anterior ulna

I distal anterior radius

A pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

Inn anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve

front 27

Muscles found within the posterior forearm compartment are responsible for _______.

back 27

extension of the fingers

front 28

Which of these muscles is an intrinsic hand muscle that moves the thumb (i.e. the first digit)?

Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor digiti minimi Flexor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Abductor digiti minimi

back 28

flexor pollicis brevis

front 29

What anterior forearm muscle typically has a dual innervation?

back 29

flexor digitorum profundus

front 30

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel>

back 30

four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

tendon of flexor pollicis longus

median n

front 31

The __________ muscle is absent on one or both sides in about 14% of people.

back 31

palmaris longus

front 32

Abduction of the thumb is when the thumb is moved __________. (Note: Remember to start from the anatomical position.)

back 32

anteriorly

front 33

What nerve innervates all posterior forearm muscles?

back 33

radial n

front 34

what are the main functions of the posterior forearm muscles?

back 34

supinate the forearm and extend the wrist and digits

front 35

name the seven superficial posterior forearm muscles

back 35

brachioradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

anconeus

front 36

where do all superficial posterior forearm muscles originate on or near?

back 36

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

front 37

O I A INN of brachioradialis?

back 37

O proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

I lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

A flexion of elbow when forearm is in midpronated position; supination and pronation

Inn radial nerve

front 38

which muscle is nicknamed the drinking muscle because it flexes elbow when hand is in netural position, as if holding a mug>

back 38

brachioradialis

front 39

does brachioradialis cross anterior or posterior to elbow joint?

back 39

anterior

front 40

O I A INN of extensor carpi radialis longus?

back 40

lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

dorsal aspect of base of second metacarpal.

extend wrist abduct wrist

radial n

front 41

O I A INN of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

back 41

O lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

I dorsal aspect of base of third metacarpal

A extend and abduct wrist joint during fist clenching

INN deep branch of radial nerve

front 42

O I A INN of extensor digitorum

back 42

lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

extensor expansions of medial four fingers

extends digits 2-5 at MTP and IP joints; extends wrist

posterior interosseous nerve, continuation of deep branch of radial n

front 43

O I A Inn extensor digiti minimi

back 43

O lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

I extensor expansion of fifth digit

A extends wrist joint; extends fifth digit ant MTP and IP joints

INN posterior interosseous nerve (continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

front 44

O I A Inn extensor carpi ulnaris

back 44

lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis

dorsal aspect of base of fifth metacarpal

extends wrist and adducts wrist

posterior interosseous nerve, continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

front 45

A I anconeus

back 45

extend elbow

radial n

front 46

Name the five deep posterior forearm muscles

back 46

supinator

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

extensor indicis

front 47

Where do the deep posterior muscles of the forearm originate?

back 47

interosseus membrane, radius, or ulna

front 48

O I A INN of supinator

back 48

O lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna

I lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

A supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly if elbow is flexed

Inn deep branch of radial nerve

front 49

O I A INN of abductor pollicis longus

back 49

O posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrance

I base of first metacarpal

A extends wrist; abducts and extends thumb

Inn posterior interosseous nerve - continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

front 50

O I A INN of extensor pollicis brevis

back 50

posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane

dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

extends wrist and extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MTP joint and extends carpometacarpal joint

Inn posterior interosseous nerve (continuation of deep branch of radial nerve)

front 51

O I A INN of extensor pollicis longus

back 51

O posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

I dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

A extends wrist; distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint. extends metacarpophalangeal joints and carpometacarpal joints

Inn posterior interosseous nerve continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

front 52

O I A INN of extensor indices

back 52

O posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane

A extensor expansion of second finger

I posterior interosseous nerve

A extends wrist joint; extends index finger (helping independent extension)

front 53

How many total intrinsic hand muscles are there?

back 53

twenty

front 54

How many intrinsic hand muscles are innervated by ulnar n and how many by median n?

back 54

five by median nerve and fifteen by ulnar n

front 55

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

back 55

muscles of the thenar eminance (3)

msucles of the hypothenar eminance (3)

lumbricals (4)

adductor pollicis m

palmar and dorsal interosseus muscles (8)

palamris brevis

front 56

Name the hypothenar eminance muscles

back 56

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digiti minimi brevis

opponens digiti minimi

front 57

Name the thenar eminence muscles

back 57

Opponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollcis brevis

front 58

O I A INN of abductor digiti minimi

back 58

O pisiform

I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger

A abducts fifth finger and assists in flexion of proximal phalanx\

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 59

mnemonic for remembering which hand muscles are innervated by the median n

back 59

FOAL

flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

abductor pollicis brevis

lateral two lumbricals

*all pollicis, more lateral*

front 60

O I A Inn of flexor digiti minimi brevis

back 60

O hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit

A flexes proximal phalanx of fifth digit

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 61

O I A INN of opponens digiti minimi

back 61

O hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

I medial border of fifth metacarpal

A draws fifth metacarpal anterior and rotates it for opposition with thumb

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 62

O I A Inn of abductor pollicis brevis

back 62

O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

I lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

A abducts thumb and helps with opposition

Inn recurrent branch of median nerve

front 63

O I A Inn of flexor pollicis brevis

back 63

O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

I lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

A flexes thumb

Inn superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve

deep head: deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 64

Opponens pollicis O I A INN

back 64

O flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

I lateral side of first metacarpal

recurrent branch of median nerve

draws first metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially (opposition)

front 65

lumbricals one and two are innervated by the _________; lumbricals 3 and 4 are innervated by the ________

back 65

median n; deep branch of ulnar n

front 66

what are the actions of the lumbricals?

back 66

flex at the metacarpal phalangeal joint and extend at the interphalangeal joint

front 67

O I A INN of adductor pollicis?

back 67

O oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals

transverse head: anterior surface of shaft of third metacarpal

I medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

A adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 68

How many palmar interosseus muslces are there?

back 68

three

front 69

O I A and Inn of palmar interosseus muscles?

back 69

O palmar surfaces of second, fourth and fifth metacarpals (unipennate)

I bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd fourth and fifth fingers

A adduct 2nd fourth and fifth digits; assist lumbricals

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 70

how many dorsal interossei are there?

back 70

four

front 71

O I action and INN of dorsal interossei

back 71

O adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate)

I bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th fingers

A abduct 2nd through 4th fingers from axial line; assist lumbricals

Inn deep branch of ulnar nerve

front 72

O I A Inn of palmaris brevis

back 72

O Flexor retinaculum (medial) and palmar aponeurosis

I palm

A wrinkles skin

Inn superficial branch of ulnar nerve

front 73

Origin and insertion of lumbricals one and two?

Origin and insertion of lumbricals three and four?

back 73

O 1 & 2 - lateral two tendons of of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)

O 3 & 4 - medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)

Common insertion - lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd through 5th fingers