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92 notecards = 23 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

front 1

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding prokaryotic cells

back 1

they lack a plasma membrane

front 2

Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true except

back 2

it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment

front 3

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl

back 3

water will move out of the cell

front 4

A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. this trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through

back 4

conjugation

front 5

by which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration

back 5

active transport

front 6

which of the following is not a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes

back 6

contains cholesterol

front 7

which one of the following organisms has a cell wall

back 7

fungi

front 8

which of the following statements is true

back 8

endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth

front 9

which of the following pairs is mismatched

back 9

centrosomes - food storage

front 10

which of the following organelles most likely resembles a prokaryotic cell

back 10

mitochondrion

front 11

Which of the drawing is a tetrad

back 11

B

front 12

which drawing in figure 4.1 posseses an axial filament

back 12

A

front 13

which drawing in figure in 4.1 is streptococci

back 13

D

front 14

antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of

back 14

osmotic lysis

front 15

bacteria are commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. which of the following would most likely be used to lyse gram-positive bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation

back 15

lysozyme

front 16

which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is false

back 16

they are sensitive to penicillin

front 17

which of the following structures is not found in some prokayotic cells

back 17

cilium

front 18

functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following except

back 18

binary fission

front 19

which acts like an invisibility cloak and protects bacteria from being phagocytized

back 19

capsule

front 20

which of the following is not part of the passive transport process

back 20

ATP

front 21

which of the following terms best describes the cell in figure 4.2

back 21

lophotrichous flagella

front 22

in bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in

back 22

chromatophores

front 23

the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion

back 23

requires transporter proteins

front 24

the term "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with

back 24

taxic movements of the cell in response to attractants or repellents

front 25

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. you can safely assume that the cell

back 25

has a cell wall

front 26

Fimbriae and pili differ in that

back 26

pili are used to transfer DNA and motility

front 27

Which diagram of a cell wall is gram-negative cell wall

back 27

B

front 28

which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid A/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection

back 28

B

front 29

which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis

back 29

both A and B

front 30

which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol

back 30

B

front 31

which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics

back 31

B

front 32

which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids

back 32

A

front 33

which diagram of a cell wall contains porins

back 33

A

front 34

where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell

back 34

the plasma membrane

front 35

where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell

back 35

the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

front 36

which of the following is not found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes

back 36

cell wall

front 37

which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion

back 37

it involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein

front 38

oxygen crosses a plasma membrane

back 38

thorugh simple diffusion

front 39

in a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically

back 39

plasmolyze

front 40

what will happen if a bacteriacel is pretreated with a lysozyme solution, then placed in distilled water

back 40

the cell will undergo osmotic lysis

front 41

how do spirochetes and spirilla differ

back 41

spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments

front 42

which one of the following pairs is mismatched

back 42

ribosomes - carbon storage

front 43

which of the following are not energy reseves

back 43

carboxysomes

front 44

Which of the following is not a functionally analogous pair

back 44

cilia - pilia

front 45

the DNA found in most bacterial cells

back 45

is circular in structure

front 46

the cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the gram stain reaction

back 46

true

front 47

antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria

back 47

true

front 48

cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure

back 48

false

front 49

small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion

back 49

true

front 50

spheroplasts, protoplasts, and mycoplasms are bacterial cells without cell walls

back 50

true

front 51

endospores are a reproductive structure

back 51

false

front 52

the internal structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are the same

back 52

true

front 53

many enzymes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized within organelles

back 53

false

front 54

the number of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is the same in all eukaryotic cells

back 54

true

front 55

if you observe rod-shaped red cells after the gram stain, you can assume their cell walls contain endotoxin

back 55

true

front 56

characteristics of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

back 56

prokaryotic cells' DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and is usually single.they usually lack organelles and their cell walls contain peptidoglycan. Eukaryotic cells' DNA is found in the cell's nucleus, they have a number os membrane-enclosed organelles and their cell walls are chemically simple

front 57

compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls

back 57

the application of alcohol dehydrates the peptidoglycan of gram positve to make it more impermeable to crystals violet iodine. in gram negative, alcohol dissolves the outer membrane and leaves small holes in the thin peptidoglycan layer through which crystal violet-iodine diffuse. Gram-positive cell walls consist of peptidoglycan while gram-negative contains a few layers of peptidoglycan and anouter membrane

front 58

What is a biofilm and what role does biofilm play in disease

back 58

a complex aggregation of microbes. microorganisms exists as single cells that float or swim independently on a liquid or attach to each other and some solid surface. it can cause infections and its bacteria are often resistant to antibiot

front 59

dipploccoci

back 59

remains in pairs after dividing

front 60

streptococci

back 60

divides and remain attached in chain-like patterns

front 61

spiral bacteria

back 61

vibrios - curved rods

spirillum - helical shape

spirochete - helical and flexible

front 62

the structure of a prokaryotic cell

capsule

fimbriae

chromosome

pilus

flagella

back 62

front 63

arrangements of bacterial flagella

back 63

front 64

gram positive bacterium

back 64

2 basal body

front 65

gram negative bacterium

back 65

4 basal bodies

front 66

gram positive cell wall

back 66

front 67

gram negative cell wall

back 67

front 68

prokaryotes

back 68

DNA is not enclosed withing a membrane, it is inside the cell

DNA is not associated with histones

Lack organelles

cell walls contain peptidoglycan

divide by binary fission

front 69

eukaryotes

back 69

DNA found in cell's nucleus

DNA consistently associated with histones and non histones

Have membrane -enclosed organelles

cell walls are chemically simple

cell division involves mitosis

front 70

arrangement of cells

back 70

cocci - round shape

bacilli -rod-like

spiral

front 71

monomorphic

back 71

maintains a single shape

front 72

pleomorphic

back 72

can have many shapes

front 73

glycocalyx

back 73

viscous, gelatinous sugar

front 74

extracellular polymeric substance

back 74

a glycocalyx that helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target environment and to each other

front 75

what is the difference between capsule and slime

back 75

capsule is neatly organized and firmly attached while slime is unorganized and loose

front 76

axial filament/endoflagella

back 76

bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell.

front 77

spirochete move by the means of

back 77

axial filaments

front 78

fimbriae

back 78

helps bacterias attach to the wall

can occur at the poles of the bacterial cell or can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the cell

front 79

pili

back 79

longer than fimbriae and only one or two per cell. use to transfer plasmid

front 80

crystal violet

back 80

primary stain. Stains both gram positive/negative purple

front 81

Iodine

back 81

forms large crystals with the dye that are too large to escape through the cell wall

front 82

what happens to gram positive when alcohol is applied

back 82

it makes gram positive more impermeable to crystal violet-iodine

front 83

what happens to gram negative when alcohol is applied

back 83

alcohol dissolves the outermembrane and leaves holes for crystal violet to diffuse

front 84

what color does gram positive turn when safranin is applied

back 84

purple

front 85

what color does gram negative turn when safranin is applied

back 85

red

front 86

atypical cell walls

back 86

plasma membrane have sterols (lipids). protects them from lysis (rupture)

front 87

acid- fast cell walls

back 87

used to identify mycobacterium and norcardia

bacteria contain mycolic acid in their cell wall

can be stained with carbolfuchsin

front 88

protoplast

back 88

wall-less cell

front 89

spheroplast

back 89

remaining outer wall layer

front 90

Nucleoid

back 90

contains bacterial chromosome

the cell's genetic information which carries all the information required for the cell's structures and functions.

front 91

plasmid

back 91

double stranded DNA molecules. replicate independently of chromosomal DNA

front 92

ribosomes

back 92

protein synthesis take place

prokaryotic ribosome - 70s ribosomes

eukaryotic ribosome - 80s

50s, 30s