Print Festival 4 (Respiratory) flashcards

Festival 4 (Respiratory)

front 1 Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse? atmospheric pressure intrapulmonary pressure intrapleural pressure transpulmonary pressure	back 1 Intrapleural pressure
front 2 Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? surface tension of water surfactant production pseudostratified ciliated epithelium C-shaped cartilage rings	back 2 C_Shaped cartilage rings
front 3 Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation? pneumonia coryza emphysema tuberculosis	back 3 Emphysema
front 4 True and False : The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue).	back 4 True

front 5 The nose serves all the following functions except ________. as a passageway for air movement warming and humidifying the air as the direct initiator of the cough reflex cleansing the air	back 5 As the direct initiator of the cough reflex
front 6 Which of the following respiratory rates illustrates eupnea for an average, healthy adult at rest? 60 breaths per minute 120 breaths per minute 15 breaths per minute 25 breaths per minute	back 6 15 breaths per minute
front 7 Which of the following qualifies as a fully saturated hemoglobin molecule? hemoglobin is transporting three oxygen molecules hemoglobin is transporting two oxygen molecules hemoglobin is transporting one oxygen molecule hemoglobin is transporting four oxygen molecules	back 7 Hemoglobin is transporting four oxygen molecules
front 8 Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. humidifying the air before it enters interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations warming the air before it enters	back 8 interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

front 9 Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system? terminal bronchioles alveoli lobar (secondary) bronchi trachea	back 9 Alveoli
front 10 Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? partial pressure gradient the temperature solubility in water molecular weight and size of the gas molecule	back 10 Partial pressure gradient
front 11 The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________. temperature is lower at higher altitudes concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes	back 11 concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes
front 12 Tidal volume is air ________. inhaled after normal inspiration forcibly expelled after normal expiration exchanged during normal breathing remaining in the lungs after forced expiration	back 12 exchanged during normal breathing

front 13 What determines the respiratory rhythm in the body? medullary respiratory centers pontine respiratory centers oxygen levels in the blood Hering-Breuer stretch reflexes	back 13 Medullary respiratory centers
front 14 Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs? compliance and transpulmonary pressures compliance and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and transpulmonary pressures the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid	back 14 the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid
front 15 Hypoxia can be caused by ______. hyposecretion of erythropoietin having a fever slightly elevated level of lactic acid in the blood All of the listed responses are correct.	back 15 Hyposecretion of erythropoietin
front 16 The __________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways." larynx vestibular folds epiglottis glottis	back 16 Epiglottis

front 17 In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________. not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood	back 17 only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood
front 18 Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. upper spinal cord and medulla medulla and pons midbrain and medulla pons and midbrain	back 18 Medulla and pons
front 19 Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? internal respiration pulmonary ventilation external respiration blood pH adjustment	back 19 Blood pH adjustment
front 20 Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange? primary bronchi terminal bronchioles alveoli trachea	back 20 Alveoli

front 21 What is the volume of the total amount of exchangeable air for a healthy, young adult male? 2400 ml 3600 ml 6000 ml 4800 ml	back 21 4800 ml
front 22 Since mucus-producing cells and cilia are sparse in the bronchioles and alveoli, how does the body remove microorganisms that make their way into the respiratory zone? type II alveolar cells secrete a substance called surfactant type I alveolar cells produce antimicrobial proteins alveolar macrophages crawl freely along internal alveolar surfaces the pleurae produce pleural fluid	back 22 alveolar macrophages crawl freely along internal alveolar surfaces
front 23 What part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages? epiglottis glottis vocal folds thyroid cartilage	back 23 Epiglottis
front 24 Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? dissolved in plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin as bicarbonate ion in plasma as carbon monoxide in plasma	back 24 Dissolved in plasma

front 25 Which muscles are activated during normal quiet inspiration? scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor muscles oblique and transversus muscles diaphragm and external intercostal muscles diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles	back 25 diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
front 26 What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person? oxygen needs of cells arterial blood pH arterial blood carbon dioxide level arterial blood oxygen level	back 26 Arterial blood carbon dioxide level
front 27 True and False: The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell.	back 27 True
front 28 True or False: Although lung cancer is difficult to cure, it is highly preventable.	back 28 True

front 29 What is the tidal volume of an average adult male? 500 ml 3100 ml 1200 ml 4800 ml	back 29 500 ml
front 30 Possible causes of hypoxia include ________. too little oxygen in the atmosphere getting very cold taking several rapid deep breaths obstruction of the esophagus	back 30 too little oxygen in the atmosphere
front 31 Which of the following conditions or scenarios increases the respiratory rate? acidosis increasing partial pressure of oxygen hypocapnia alkalosis	back 31 Acidosis
front 32 Emphysema can result in an ______. increased level of carbaminohemoglobin increased level of deoxyhemoglobin increased likelihood of the skin of Caucasians developing a slightly blue coloration All of the listed responses are correct.	back 32 All of the listed responses are correct

front 33 The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. ventilation-perfusion coupling the Bohr effect chloride shifting the Haldane effect	back 33 Ventilation-perfusion coupling
front 34 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________. filtration active transport diffusion osmosis	back 34 Diffusion
front 35 Which of the following gives the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas? Haldane effect Boyle's law Henry's law Dalton's law of partial pressures	back 35 Boyle's law
front 36 What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? as bicarbonate ions in the plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin dissolved in the plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin	back 36 as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

front 37 True and False: Emphysema is distinguished by permanent shrinkage of the alveoli.	back 37 False
front 38 Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure pressure within the pleural cavity pressure within the alveoli of the lungs negative pressure in the intrapleural space	back 38 pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
front 39 In babies born prematurely, pulmonary surfactant may not be present in adequate amounts ______. in the conducting zone structures of the lungs due to insufficient exocytosis in the type II alveolar cells to permit adequate surface tension in the alveoli because the presence of collapsed alveoli prevents surfactant production	back 39 due to insufficient exocytosis in the type II alveolar cells
front 40 True or False: The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.	back 40 True

front 41 Which volumes are combined to provide the inspiratory capacity? tidal volume (TV) + inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + residual volume (RV) tidal volume (TV) + inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) tidal volume (TV) + inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV)	back 41 tidal volume (TV) + inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
front 42 True or False: Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.	back 42 True
front 43 True or False: During normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.	back 43 False
front 44 The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________. friction air pressure surfactant surface tension	back 44 Friction

front 45 Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx? to assist in taste sensation stimulation of the "cough" reflex voice production to provide a patent airway to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels	back 45 to assist in taste sensation
front 46 Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing, but eventually equalizes with the atmospheric pressure? intrapulmonary pressure intrapleural pressure transpulmonary pressure atmospheric pressure	back 46 Intrapulmonary pressure
front 47 Which of the following structures would be the LEAST vulnerable to damage caused by oxygen toxicity? brain spleen muscles costal cartilages	back 47 costal cartilages
front 48 Which of the following initiates inspiration? ventral respiratory group (VRG) diencephalon pontine respiratory centers dorsal respiratory group (DRG)	back 48 ventral respiratory group (VRG)

front 49 True or False: The paired lungs occupy all of the thoracic cavity.	back 49 False
front 50 What is the most immediate driving force behind pulmonary ventilation? smooth muscle contraction environmental stimuli air sac contraction intrapulmonary pressure change	back 50 Intrapulmonary pressure change
front 51 The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes atria and alveolar sacs respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs	back 51 Alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
front 52 What type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli? simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium	back 52 Simple squamous epithelium

front 53 Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase respiration? arterial pH a rise in body temperature an increase in blood pH rising carbon dioxide levels	back 53 Rising carbon dioxide levels
front 54 During pneumonia, the lungs become "waterlogged"; this means that within the alveoli there is an abnormal accumulation of ______. blood blood plasma interstitial fluid water	back 54 Interstitial fluid
front 55 True and False: Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal.	back 55 True
front 56 Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing? rising blood pressure acidosis resulting from CO2 retention rising carbon dioxide levels arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg	back 56 Rising blood pressure

front 57 True or False: Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.	back 57 False
front 58 True or False : Labored breathing is termed dyspnea.	back 58 True
front 59 __________, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing. Intraalveolar pressure Atmospheric pressure Transthoracic pressure Transpulmonary pressure	back 59 Transpulmonary pressure
front 60 What is ventilation-perfusion coupling? matching the amount of blood flow through the body to the amount of oxygen in the air sacs matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries matching the amount of oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli to the exchange at the tissue level matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to pO2 and pCO2 values in the blood	back 60 matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries

front 61 Gas emboli may occur because a ________. person holds his breath too long person breathes pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber diver holds his breath upon ascent pilot holds her breath upon descent	back 61 Diver holds his breath upon ascent
front 62 True and False: The structures within the respiratory system's conducting zone include the trachea and the paranasal sinuses.	back 62 True
front 63 Which center is located in the pons? pontine respirator group (PRG) inspiratory center expiratory center pacemaker neuron center	back 63 pontine respirator group (PRG)
front 64 Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura? helps divide the thoracic cavity into three chambers aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs allows the lungs to inflate and deflate without friction helps limit the spread of local infections	back 64 Aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs

front 65 True or False: Increased temperature results in decreased O₂ unloading from hemoglobin.	back 65 False
front 66 True or False: Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.	back 66 True
front 67 The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________. Henry's law Dalton's law Boyle's law Charles' law	back 67 Dalton's law
front 68 How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? as carbonic acid in the plasma chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells	back 68 as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells

front 69

Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?

number of red blood cells
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
partial pressure of oxygen
temperature

back 69

number of red blood cells

front 70

Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange?

Respiratory exchanges are made through the ductus arteriosus.

Because the lungs develop later in gestation, fetuses do not need a mechanism for respiratory exchange.

Respiratory exchanges are not necessary.

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta.

back 70

Respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta.

Print Options

Instructions for Side by Side Printing

Festival 4 (Respiratory)