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A&P Chapters 12, 13, and 15

front 1

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

back 1

False

front 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lens?

back 2

The lens focuses light on the retina.

front 3

The distance between two consecutive wave crests is the __________.

back 3

wavelength

front 4

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

back 4

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

front 5

Broca's area ________.

back 5

is considered a motor speech area

front 6

Which of the following is the basic taste quality responsible for the "beef taste" of steak?

back 6

umami

front 7

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

back 7

vestibulocochlear

front 8

The brain stem consists of the ________.

back 8

midbrain, medulla, and pons

front 9

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate somatic motor output so that smooth, well-timed movements occur?

back 9

cerebellum

front 10

Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?

back 10

stapes

front 11

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

back 11

thalamus

front 12

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

back 12

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

front 13

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

back 13

True

front 14

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the ________.

back 14

otoliths

front 15

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?

back 15

ganglion cells

front 16

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

back 16

False

front 17

Somatic reflexes activate __________.

back 17

skeletal muscle

front 18

What part of the eye constitutes the blind spot?

back 18

optic disc

front 19

CNS nerve fibers lack the intrinsic capacity to regenerate, while PNS nerve fibers are able to regenerate.

back 19

True

front 20

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

back 20

brain stem.

front 21

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

back 21

cerebellum and basal nuclei

front 22

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

back 22

Schwann cells

front 23

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

back 23

cerebellar white matter

front 24

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

back 24

a complete loss of voluntary movement

front 25

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

back 25

iris

front 26

The bending of light rays is called reflection.

back 26

False

front 27

If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.

back 27

color vision

front 28

Which photoreceptors respond to very dim light?

back 28

rods

front 29

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

back 29

vision in dim light

front 30

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

back 30

12

front 31

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

back 31

afferent nerves

front 32

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

back 32

gyri

front 33

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

back 33

visceral control center of the body

front 34

The receptor organ for hearing is the __________.

back 34

spiral organ (of Corti)

front 35

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

back 35

exteroceptors

front 36

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

back 36

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

front 37

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

back 37

nociceptors

front 38

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

back 38

motor nerves

front 39

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.

back 39

eye

front 40

Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the ________.

back 40

occipital lobe of the cortex

front 41

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information?

back 41

olfactory

front 42

Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the eye?

back 42

retina

front 43

__________ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

back 43

Narcolepsy

front 44

Most taste buds are located __________.

back 44

on the tongue

front 45

Which part of the brain is the "executive suite" for all brain activity?

back 45

cerebral cortex

front 46

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

back 46

secretion of the hormone melatonin

front 47

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

back 47

substances in solution

front 48

Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning?

back 48

medulla oblongata

front 49

The receptors for smell are activated when __________.

back 49

dissolved odorants bind to receptor proteins in the cilium membranes

front 50

Where are equilibrium receptors located?

back 50

in the semicircular canals and in the vestibule of the ear

front 51

Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ________.

back 51

substances in solution

front 52

Which brain nucleus is the body's "biological clock"?

back 52

suprachiasmatic nucleus

front 53

There are __________ pairs of cranial nerves.

back 53

12

front 54

Which of the following is the basic taste quality responsible for the "beef taste" of steak?

back 54

umami

front 55

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ________.

back 55

Parkinson's disease

front 56

Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the eye?

back 56

retina

front 57

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

back 57

afferent nerves

front 58

If retinal detachment occurs in the macula lutea, one can predict that there would be a significant loss of ______.

back 58

color vision

front 59

What part of the eye constitutes the blind spot?

back 59

optic disc

front 60

The bending of light rays is called reflection.

back 60

False

front 61

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.

back 61

False

front 62

Which type of white matter fiber tract connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

back 62

commissures

front 63

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?

back 63

visceral control center of the body

front 64

Patients who have lesions involving Broca's area __________.

back 64

can understand language, but have difficulty speaking

front 65

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

back 65

True

front 66

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

back 66

vestibulocochlear

front 67

Static equilibrium involves linear acceleration as well as changes in head rotation.

back 67

False

front 68

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

back 68

mixed nerves

front 69

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

back 69

metabolic waste such as urea

front 70

Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?

back 70

stapes

front 71

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.

back 71

has no blood supply

front 72

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

back 72

longitudinal fissure

front 73

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

back 73

prefrontal cortex

front 74

Where are equilibrium receptors located?

back 74

in the semicircular canals and in the vestibule of the ear

front 75

Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.

back 75

eye

front 76

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

back 76

Ganglia

front 77

Which part of the brain is considered the "gateway" to the cerebral cortex?

back 77

thalamus

front 78

Eye color is determined by the amount of brown pigment present in the iris.

back 78

True

front 79

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

back 79

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

front 80

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

back 80

secretion of the hormone melatonin

front 81

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

back 81

cerebellar white matter

front 82

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

back 82

motor nerves

front 83

The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the body is the external auditory meatus.

back 83

False

front 84

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

back 84

vision in dim light

front 85

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

back 85

medulla

front 86

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

back 86

True

front 87

Which of these lettered structures serves as the taste cells?

back 87

C

front 88

Which meninx is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?

back 88

pia mater

front 89

__________ causes a person to lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state.

back 89

Narcolepsy

front 90

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

back 90

brain stem.

front 91

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

back 91

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.

front 92

In the figure below, which letter points to an afferent neuron?

back 92

A

front 93

Which of the following is the receptor organ for hearing?

back 93

spiral organ (of Corti)

front 94

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

back 94

False

front 95

Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate somatic motor output so that smooth, well-timed movements occur?

back 95

cerebellum

front 96

The receptor organ for hearing is the __________.

back 96

spiral organ (of Corti)

front 97

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

back 97

exteroceptors

front 98

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

back 98

ependymal cells

front 99

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

back 99

cerebellum and basal nuclei

front 100

Which part of the brain stem houses the reflex centers for respiration and cardiovascular functioning?

back 100

medulla oblongata