front 1
| back 1 Threats to Internal Validity |
front 2 Descriptive Research Strategy | back 2 a general approach to research that involves measuring a variable or set of variables as they exist naturally to produce a description of individual variables as they exist within a specific group, but does not attempt to describe or explain relationships between variables |
front 3 Linear Relationships | back 3 shows the changing values of two variables, a pattern in which the data points tend to cluster around a straight line |
front 4 Curvilinear Relationship | back 4 graph showing the changing values of two variables, a pattern in which the data points tend to cluster around a curved line |
front 5 Positive Relationship | back 5 a relationship in which the two variables or measurements tend to change together in the same direction |
front 6 Negative Relationship | back 6 a relationship in which the two variables or measurements tend to change together in opposite directions |
front 7 Correlational Research Strategy | back 7 General approach to research that involves measuring two or more variables for each individual to describe the relationship between the variables |
front 8 Experimental Research Strategy | back 8 Research strategy that attempts to establish the existence of a cause- and-effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one variable while measuring the second variable and controlling all other variables |
front 9 Quasi-experimental Research Strategy | back 9 a strategy that attempts to limit threats to internal validity and produces cause and effect conclusions but lacks either manipulation or control |
front 10 Nonexperimental Research Strategy | back 10 a strategy that attempts to demonstrate a relationship between two variables by comparing different groups of scores but makes no attempt to minimize threats to internal validity or to explain the relationship |
front 11 Research Design | back 11 specifies whether the study will involve groups or individual participants, will make comparisons within a group or between groups, and how many variables will be included in the study |
front 12 Research Procedure | back 12 is an exact, step-by-step description of a specific research study |
front 13 External Validity | back 13 refers to the extent to which we can generalize the results of a research study to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than those used in that study |
front 14 Internal Validity | back 14 produces a single, unambiguous explanation for the relationship between two variables |
front 15
| back 15 Threats to External Validity: Category 1 |
front 16
| back 16 Threats to External Validity: Category 2 |
front 17
| back 17 Threats to External Validity: Category 3 |
front 18 Extraneous Variable | back 18 any variable in a research study other than the specific variables being studied |
front 19 Confounding Variable | back 19 is an extraneous variable (usually unmonitored) that changes systematically along with the two variables being studied. provides an alternative explanation for the results |
front 20
| back 20 Threats to Internal Validity |
front 21 experimenter bias | back 21 occurs when the experimenter's expectation or personal beliefs regarding the outcome of the study influence the findings of a study. |