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25 notecards = 7 pages (4 cards per page)

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Campbell Biology

front 1

Two atoms share a pair of electrons equally. This means that they are joined by

back 1

a nonpolar covalent bond.

front 2

The major storage polysaccharide in animals is

back 2

glycogen

front 3

RNA and DNA are similar in structure in many ways, but one key difference is that

back 3

In RNA, uracil replaces the thymine of DNA.

front 4

The beta-pleated sheet is an example of the ____ level of protein structure.

back 4

secondary

front 5

The subunits of DNA and RNA consist of

back 5

a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

front 6

Osmosis involves:

back 6

Passive diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.

front 7

In a DNA molecule:

back 7

The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the As of one strand and the Ts of the other, and the Gs of one strand and the Cs of the other.

front 8

Mitochondria

back 8

are derived from a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

front 9

Osmosis occurs when:

back 9

Water flows across a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient.

front 10

The inside of a cell usually has a ________ charge compared to the fluid outside it (hint: think about the sodium-potassium pump).

back 10

negative

front 11

In allosteric regulation of enzyme activity:

back 11

The ability of the active site to accept substrates is controlled.

front 12

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

back 12

There is a continual increase in the entropy of the universe.

front 13

Enzymes

back 13

Lower the activation energy barrier of chemical reactions.

front 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

back 14

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

front 15

Element

back 15

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means.

front 16

When making wine which of the following molecules are excluded to encourage fermentation?

back 16

Oxygen

front 17

All atoms are electrically neutral, so the number of protons =

back 17

the number of electrons.

front 18

Atoms with the same atomic number, but different numbers of neutrons are isotopes of

back 18

eachother

front 19

The lowest electron shell holds a maximum of how many electrons.

back 19

two

front 20

The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom is referred to as the

back 20

number of valence electrons.

front 21

This sharing of electrons is referred to as a _______ chemical bond

back 21

COVALENT

front 22

Entophy

back 22

A measure of disorder or randomness. The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is the greater its entrophy.

front 23

Thermodynamics

back 23

Study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

front 24

1st Law of Thermodynamics

back 24

The energy of the universe is constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed

front 25

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

back 25

every energy transfer or transformation increases the entrophy of the universe.