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Experiment 2- Identification of Substances by Physical Properties

front 1

Purpose of Experiment 2?

back 1

Familiarize w/ the procedures used in

evaluating physical properties and

the use of these properties to identify substances

front 2

What will you do in this experiment?

back 2

Use the following properties to identify an unknown substance:

solubility, density, melting point, boiling point

front 3

What are properties?

back 3

the characteristics of a substance that

enable us to identify it (distinguish it from all other substances)

front 4

How can substances be identified?

back 4

some can be identified by simple examination

(color, size, shape, texture, odor, etc)

others can also quantifiable examination

a specif combination of properties is unique to a given substance wh/ makes it possible to ID most by careful examination of their properties

front 5

What are physical properties?

back 5

can be observed w/o altering the composition of the substance

front 6

List 5 physical properties:

back 6

  1. Density
  2. Boiling point
  3. Melting point
  4. Solubility
  5. Viscosity

front 7

Give examples of physical properties that are not easily quantifiable

back 7

taste, color, odor, etc (more subjective and difficult to express precisely using numbers)

front 8

Give examples of physical properties that are more easily quantified.

back 8

Density (g/cm3)

Melting point (Celsius), boiling point (C)

Viscosity

Solubility, Refractive index

front 9

When water and toluene are mixed, two layers form. Is the bottom layer water or toluene?

back 9

When water and toluene mix, the water will stay on the bottom layer while the toluene floats. This is due to the difference in their density. Since toluene is less dense, it will rise above water and water will remain in the bottom layer.

Water density= 1.008 g/mL

Toluene density = 0.87 g/mL

front 10

What is solubility?

back 10

solubility of substance in a solvent (usu water)

the maximum weight of that substance that dissolves in a given volume

front 11

How is solubility expressed (units)?

back 11

g/100 mL

front 12

What is the formula for density?

back 12

d= m/v

front 13

What are melting/freezing points?

back 13

the temperature at which the liquid and solid states of a substance are in equilibrium

front 14

What is the term freezing point?

back 14

the equilibrium temperature when approached from the liquid phase (when the solid begins to appear in the fluid)

front 15

What is the melting point?

back 15

the equil temp when approached from the solid phase (when liquid begins to appear in the solid)