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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

24 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

chp. 25

front 1

4 stage chemical and physical processes on early Earth that may have produced very simple cells:

back 1

1) Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules.

2) Joining of these small molecules in macromolecules.

3) Packaging of molecules into protocells.

4) Origin of self-replicating molecules.

front 2

evolutionary change above the species level. examples include the origin of new group of organisms through a series of speciation events and the impact of mass extinctions on the diversity of life and its subsequent recovery.

back 2

Macroevolutionary

front 3

Earth formed about...

back 3

4.6 billion years ago

front 4

Two men who conducted lab experiments that showed that the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules in a reducing atmosphere is possible.

back 4

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

front 5

an abiotic precursor of a living cell that had a membrane-like structure and that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of its surroundings.

back 5

Protocell

front 6

The first genetic material was probably ______, not _____.

back 6

RNA, not DNA

front 7

RNA molecules called ________ have been found to catalyze many different reactions.

back 7

Ribozymes

front 8

sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers called _______ and are the richest source of fossils.

back 8

strata

front 9

a method for determining the absolute age of rocks and fossils, based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes.

back 9

radiometric-dating

front 10

the amount of time it takes for 50% of a sample of radioactive isotope to decay.

back 10

half-life

front 11

The division of Earth's history into time periods grouped into three eons- Archaean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic- and further subdivided into eras, periods and epochs.

back 11

geologic record

front 12

The _________ encompasses multicellular eukaryotic life.

back 12

Phanerozoic

front 13

The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras:

back 13

1) Paleozoic

2) Mesozoic

3) Cenozoic

front 14

The early rise is O2 was likely caused by ancient ________- bacteria capable to perform photosynthesis.

back 14

cyanobacteria

front 15

The _________ ______ proposes that mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts and related organelles) were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host cells.

back 15

endosymbiont theory

front 16

an ___________ is a cell that lives within a host cell.

back 16

endosymbiont

front 17

The ____________ __________ refers to the sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla in the Cambrian period. (535 to 525 million years ago).

back 17

Cambrian explosion

front 18

Fungi, plants, and animals began to colonize land about:

back 18

500 million years ago

front 19

According to the theory of _____ ________, Eath's crust is composed of plates floating on Earth's mantle.

back 19

Plate tectonics

front 20

Tectonic plates move slowly through the process of:

back 20

continental drift

front 21

At times, the rate of extinction has increased dramatically and caused a:

back 21

mass extinction

front 22

(The "Big Five" Mass extinction events)

Ther _________ extinction defines the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras 251 million years ago.

back 22

Permian extinction

front 23

(The "Big Five" Mass extinction events)

The ________ mass extinction 65.5 million years ago Mesozoic from the Cenozoic. and marks the period of dinosaur extinction.

back 23

Cretaceous mass extinction

front 24

period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form may new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities.

back 24

Adaptive radiation