Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

32 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

A&P 1 lecture- chapter 8

front 1

Define joints

back 1

sites where 2 or more bones meet

front 2

Name the functions of joints

back 2

  • hold skeleton together
  • give skeleton mobility

front 3

How are joints classified?

back 3

  • fibrous joint
  • cartilaginous joint
  • synovial joint

front 4

Fibrous joint

back 4

joined by fibrous tissues and ligaments, no cavity present; so slightly movable.

sutures (e.g. cranial bones)

syndesmoses (tibia and fubula, radius and ulna)

gomphoses (peg in socket joints of teeth and alveolar sockets)

front 5

Cartiloginous joints

back 5

united by cartilages; no cavity, movable; e.g. pubic symphysis

synchordoses (ribs and sternum, costal cartilage)

front 6

Synovial joint

back 6

there is cavity, bones are separated by fluid= synovial fluid freely movable; i.e. shoulder joint, hip joint)

front 7

Synarthroses

back 7

immovable

front 8

Amphiarthroses

back 8

slightly moveable

front 9

Diarthroses

back 9

freely movable

front 10

Features of Synovial Joints

back 10

  1. all are diarthrotic
  2. include all limb joints and most joints of the body
  3. posse articular cartilage (hyaline)
  4. joint or articular cavity (potential space)
  5. articular capsule (synovial membrane)
  6. synovial fluid (white viscous fluid from plasma and hyaluronic acid)
  7. reinforcing ligaments (capsular, extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments)
  8. nerves and blood vessels (sensory nerves, nourishes)

front 11

Factors that influence Synovial joint

back 11

  1. articular surfaces (shapes: shallow socket)
  2. ligaments: unite bone prevent excessive and undesirable motion)
  3. muscle tone: keeps low levels contractile, kept taut at all time, ready to react to stimulation

front 12

Types of mucle attachments of Synovial Joints

back 12

  1. muscle origin (attatchment to the immovable bone)
  2. insertion (attachment to the movable bone)
  3. movement (muscles move from the insertion point to toward the ine origin during contraction)

front 13

Types of Movements of Synovial joints

back 13

  1. gliding movements
  2. angular movements: increases and decreases the angle btw 2 bones: include- flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
  3. rotation movements
  4. special movements such as supination and pronation; dorsiflexion and plantar flexion; inversion and eversion; protraction and retraction; elevation and depression; and opposition

front 14

Supination and pronation

back 14

turning backward and turning forward (i.w. radius around the ulna)

front 15

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of foot

back 15

up and down movement of foot at ankle

front 16

inversion and eversion

back 16

sole moves medially or laterally

front 17

protraction and retraction

back 17

anterior and posterior movement at transverse plane

front 18

elevation and depression

back 18

lifting a body part superiorly or moving inferiorly.

I.E- superior- shrugging shoulder (scapulae) and inferior (mandible movement when chewing gum

front 19

Opposition (movement)

back 19

touch thumb to the finger tips of the other finger

front 20

6 types of synovial joints based on shape of articular srufaces

back 20

  1. Plane (intercarpal joints)- nonaxial joints, flat articular surfaces & short gliding movements
  2. Hinge (elbow joints): uniaxial joints, motion along a single plane & flexion and extension only
  3. Pivot (round end fits to a ring; proximal radius joint): rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve" or ring of another bone & uniaxial movement only
  4. Condyloid (metacarpal joints): biaxial joints, both articular surfaces are oval and permit all angular movements
  5. Saddle (carpal-metacarpal joint of thumb): biaxial, allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints. Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas
  6. Ball and socket (shoulder point): multiaxial joints, the most freely moving synovial joints

front 21

Plane (intercarpal joints)

back 21

- nonaxial joints, flat articular surfaces & short gliding movements

front 22

Hinge (elbow joints)

back 22

uniaxial joints, motion along a single plane & flexion and extension only

front 23

Pivot

back 23

(round end fits to a ring; proximal radius joint): rounded end of one bone conforms to a "sleeve" or ring of another bone & uniaxial movement only

front 24

Condyloid

back 24

(metacarpal joints): biaxial joints, both articular surfaces are oval and permit all angular movements

front 25

Saddle

back 25

(carpal-metacarpal joint of thumb): biaxial, allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints. Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas

front 26

Ball and socket

back 26

(shoulder point): multiaxial joints, the most freely moving synovial joints

front 27

Joints that surround the knee joing

back 27

single joint cavity: femoro-patella, lateral and medial tibiofemoral and minisci of the tibi

front 28

Glenohumeral joint

back 28

shoulder joint

ball and socket joint- head of humerus an glenoid fossa of the scapula

stability is sacrificed for greater freedom of movement

front 29

Elbow joint

back 29

radius and ulna articulate w/the humerus, hinge joint formed mainly by trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus. Flexion and extension only.

front 30

Coxal joint

back 30

hip joint. ball and socket joint. Head of the femur articulates w/the acetabulum. Good range of motion, but limited by the deep socket.

Acetabular labrum- enhances depth of socket

front 31

Temporomendibular joint

back 31

mandibular condyle articulates w/the temporal bone.

2 types of movement- hinge- depression and elevation of mandible

and gliding- side to side (i.e.- grinding teeth)

front 32

Common joint injuries

back 32

  • sprain
  • cartilage tears
  • dislocations
  • subluxation