front 1 Keratinocytes | back 1 Produce fibrous protein keratin. Makes structures hard and water resistant. |
front 2 Melanocytes | back 2 Cells in lower epidermia, produce pigment melanin |
front 3 Langerhans cells | back 3 Macrophages that help activate immune system |
front 4 Merkel cells | back 4 Touch receptors |
front 5 Stratum Basale | back 5 Also known as stratum germinativium. Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis. Undergo rapid division. |
front 6 Stratum Spinosum | back 6 prickly layer of the epidermis. Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes. Abundant melanin granules and dendritic cells. |
front 7 Stratum Granulosom | back 7 Granular layer of the epidermis. Thin; 3-5 cell layers in which the cells flatten. Keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate. |
front 8 Stratum Lucidum | back 8 Clear layer of the epidermis in thick skin. Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum. A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes |
front 9 Stratum Corneum | back 9 Horny layer. 20-30 rows of dead, flat, keratinized membranous sacs. three quarters of the epidermal thickness |
front 10 Papillary layer | back 10 part of the dermis Areolar connective tissue w/collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels. Contains: capillary loops, Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings. |
front 11 Reticular layer | back 11 ~80% of the thickness of the dermis, collagen fibers provide strength and resilency. Elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties (hair follicles and glands) |
front 12 Cleavage lines | back 12 located in the reticular dermis. Collagen fibers arranged in bundles form cleavage (tension) lines. Incisions made parallel to cleavage lines heal more readily. |
front 13 Melanin | back 13 yellow to reddish-brown to black, responsible for dark skin colors. Produced in melanocytes; migrates to keratinocytes where it forms "pigment shields" for nuclei, freckles and pigmented moles. |
front 14 Carotene | back 14 yellow to orange skin pigment. Most obvious in the palms and soles |
front 15 Hemoglobon | back 15 responsible for the pinkish hue of skin I.E- when someone turns red from embarrassment or anger |
front 16 Merocrine sweat gland | back 16 also known as Eccrine sweat gland. abundant on palms, soles, and forehead. sweat: 99% water, NaCl, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic wastes ducts connect to pores function in thermoregulation |
front 17 Apocrine sweat gland | back 17 confined to axillary and anogenital areas ducts connect to hair follicles functional from puberty onward (as sexual scent glands) Specialized -- Ceruminous glands- in external ear canal; secret cerumen -- mammary gland- secrete milk (from puberty) |
front 18 Sebaceous Gland | back 18 oil gland. Widely distributed. Most develop from hair follicles. Become active at puberty. Gland ruptures and produces sebum. |
front 19 Sebum | back 19 oily holocrine secretion, bactericidal, softens hair and skin, lubricate and water proofs the skin. |
front 20 Arrector pili | back 20 smooth muscle attached to hair follicle. Responsible for goosebumps. |
front 21 Alopecia | back 21 hair thinning in both sexes after age 40. Male pattern baldness is caused by follicular response to DHT (dihydrotesterone) |
front 22 Functions of the Integumetary System | back 22
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front 23 3 types of protection barriers of the Integumentary system | back 23
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front 24 Basal cell carcinoma | back 24 least malignant, most common. stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis. Cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases |
front 25 Squamous cell carcinoma | back 25 2nd most common involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum (prickly layer) most common on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands Good prognosis if reated by radiation therapy or removed surgically |
front 26 Melanoma | back 26 most dangerous involves melanocytes. highly metastatic and resistent to chemotherapy |
front 27 Characteristics of skin cancer | back 27 A: Asymmetry; the 2 sides of the pigmented area do not match B: Border exhibits indentations C: Color is black, brown, tan, and sometimes red or blue D: Diameter is larger than 6 mm |
front 28 First degree burn | back 28 epidermal damage only localized redness, edema (swelling) and pain |
front 29 Second degree burn | back 29 epidermal and upper epidermal damage blisters appear |
front 30 Third degree burn | back 30 entire thickness of skin damage no initial edema or pain Skin grafting is usually necessary |
front 31 Lanugo coat | back 31 covering of delicate hairs in the 5th and 6th month of fetus |
front 32 Vernix caseosa | back 32 subcutaneous gland secretion; protects skin of fetus (end of 6th month of fetus) |