front 1 The structure protects and regulates the temperature of the testes? | back 1 Scrotum |
front 2 This structure is the site of sperm production? | back 2 Seminiferous tubules |
front 3 How many seminiferous tubules are found in the lobules? | back 3 1-3 |
front 4 These cells may eventually become spermatozoa? | back 4 Spermatogenic cells |
front 5 These cells secrete testosterone? | back 5 Leydig cells |
front 6 This hormone stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone? | back 6 LH |
front 7 This straight tubules in the testis lead into the? | back 7 Rete testis |
front 8 The function of the epididymis is? | back 8 Sperm maturation |
front 9 This is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens | back 9 Ejaculatory duct |
front 10 This lies posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum and secretes an alkaline, fructose filled fluid? | back 10 Seminal glands |
front 11 These are located inferior to the prostate on the other side of the membranous urethra within the deep muscles of the perineum? | back 11 Cowper's gland |
front 12 This is composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue each surrounded by a fibrous tissue? | back 12 Penis |
front 13 This ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males? | back 13 Suspensory ligament |
front 14 What is produced by the ovaries? | back 14 Secondary oocytes, Estrogen, and Progesterone |
front 15 This attaches the ovaries and uterus to the pelvic wall? | back 15 Suspensory ligament |
front 16 This is the site of fertilization? | back 16 Uterine tubes |
front 17 This is the portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina? | back 17 Cervix |
front 18 Anterior to the vagina and urethral opening is the? | back 18 Mons pubis |
front 19 Skene's glands secrete? | back 19 Mucus |
front 20 _______hormone secreted by the _______ controls the ovarian and uterine cycles? | back 20 GnRH, Hypothalamus |
front 21 This hormone promotes spermatogenesis? | back 21 Testosterone |
front 22 This hormone triggers ovulation? | back 22 LH |
front 23 This is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation? | back 23 Progesterone |
front 24 This is the uterine phase when the endometrium becomes more vascular? | back 24 Proliferative phase |
front 25 This is the ovarian phase between the end of the menstruation and beginning of ovulation? | back 25 Preovulatory phase |
front 26 Fertilization normally occurs within which structure? | back 26 Fallopian tube |
front 27 This is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract? | back 27 Capacitation |
front 28 The fusion of the secondary oocyte and the sperm results in which developmental stage? | back 28 Zygote |
front 29 This is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG? | back 29 Trophoblast |
front 30 This is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basalis? | back 30 Decidua basalis |
front 31 This develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid? | back 31 Amnion |
front 32 This will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother the fetus? | back 32 Chorionic villi of the placenta |
front 33 Each somite may differentiate into a? | back 33 Dermatome |
front 34 This is the connection between the placenta and the embryo? | back 34 Umbilical cord |
front 35 How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there? | back 35 5 |
front 36 This exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities? | back 36 Amniocentesis |
front 37 CVS is taking cells from where? | back 37 Chorion |
front 38 This hormone is secreted by non-pregnant women from secretory cells in the hypothalamus? | back 38 CRH |
front 39 During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by? | back 39 30% |
front 40 Labor can NOT take place until all of this hormone's effects are diminished? | back 40 Progesterone |
front 41 This is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix? | back 41 Stage of dilation |
front 42 Involution is when? | back 42 The uterus decreases in size |
front 43 In infants this connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava? | back 43 Ductus venosus |
front 44 This is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts? | back 44 Oxytocin |
front 45 This is a permanent change in an allele? | back 45 Mutation |
front 46 When phenotype can be drastically different depending on parental origin it is called? | back 46 Genomic imprinting |
front 47 An example of incomplete dominance is? | back 47 Sickle-cell disease |
front 48 If one parent has type A blood and one parent has type B blood, what blood type is possible for their child? | back 48 AB, A, B, and O |
front 49 If a child has B blood, and the mother has B blood, what is the possible genotype of the father? | back 49 B, O or AB |
front 50 Chromosome #15 is considered what? | back 50 An autosome |
front 51 A Barr body is? | back 51 An inactivated X chromosome |
front 52 What is the function of gonads? | back 52 Produce gametes and produce hormones |
front 53 Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into? | back 53 Lobules |
front 54 The reproductive system includes? | back 54 Gonads & external genitalia, Ducts that receive & transport the gametes, and Accessory glands & organs that secrete fluids |
front 55 Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body? | back 55 Both the Cremaster & the Dartos |
front 56 The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the? | back 56 Raphe |
front 57 The spermatic cord is? | back 57 A bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis |
front 58 The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the? | back 58 Tunica albuginea |
front 59 The make reproductive system is MOST closely associated with which of the following systems? | back 59 Urinary |
front 60 The _______ connects the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis? | back 60 Efferent ductules |
front 61 Contraction of the cremaster muscles? | back 61 Pulls the testes closer to the body cavity |
front 62 Contraction of the dartos muscle? | back 62 Elevates the scrotal sac |
front 63 Sperm develop from stem cells called? | back 63 Spermatogonia |
front 64 When spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called? | back 64 Spermatocytes |
front 65 The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called? | back 65 Secondary spermatocytes |
front 66 The process of spermiogenesis produces? | back 66 Spermatozoa |
front 67 The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called? | back 67 Meiosis |
front 68 Secondary spermatocytes each contain? | back 68 23 duplicates of chromosomes |
front 69 In a mature human spermatozoan? | back 69 The acrosome is next to the nucleus, and the head contains 23 chromosomes |
front 70 During meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________. | back 70 synapsis; tetrad |
front 71 How many tetrads form during synapsis? | back 71 23 |
front 72 Secondary spermatocytes divide to produce ________ spermatids having ________ chromosomes each. | back 72 Four; 23 |
front 73 Which of the following occurs after a spermatogonium completes cell division? | back 73 The daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. |
front 74 Interstitial cells produce? | back 74 androgen-binding protein. |
front 75 Sperm production occurs in the? | back 75 seminiferous tubules. |
front 76 Nurse cells? | back 76 Are found in the seminiferous tubules, Form the blood-testis barrier, and Coordinate spermatogenesis. |
front 77 Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which
sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus. | back 77 4, 1, 3, 2 |
front 78 The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the? | back 78 bulbo-urethral glands. |
front 79 Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the? | back 79 epididymis |
front 80 The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the? | back 80 prostate gland. |
front 81 The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the? | back 81 epididymis. |
front 82 The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the? | back 82 ductus deferens. |
front 83 The organ that is posterior to the urinary bladder is (are) the? | back 83 seminal glands (seminal vesicles) |
front 84 Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa? | back 84 in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct |
front 85 Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following, except? | back 85 production of spermatozoa. |
front 86 Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by? | back 86 peristaltic contractions. |
front 87 Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in? | back 87 ejaculation |
front 88 For erection to occur? | back 88 There must be sufficient blood hydrostatic pressure, The sacral spinal cord must be intact, and Nitric oxide must be present. |
front 89 The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the? | back 89 penis |
front 90 The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the? | back 90 prepuce |
front 91 The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the? | back 91 corpus spongiosum |
front 92 The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the? | back 92 corpora cavernosa. |
front 93 Emission and ejaculation? | back 93 Occurs under sympathetic stimulation, Begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla, Is responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract and Involves contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle |
front 94 The primary role of FSH in males is to? | back 94 initiate sperm production in the testes. |
front 95 The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is? | back 95 LH |
front 96 Testosterone is secreted by the? | back 96 interstitial cells |
front 97 A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe? | back 97 Increased sex drive, Decreased levels of GnRH, and Decreased levels of LH and FSH |
front 98 A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will? | back 98 Be sterile |
front 99 Sperm cannot fertilize an ovum unless it has been in the female reproductive tract for several hours. This enhanced ability of the sperm to fertilize the ovum is called capacitation. In vitro studies indicate that freshly ejaculated sperm can fertilize the ovum if they are first rinsed in salt solution before being introduced to the ovum. These observations suggest that? | back 99 the process of capacitation involves the removal of some inhibiting substances from the sperm. |
front 100 The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they? | back 100 secrete testosterone. |
front 101 Interstitial cells? | back 101 Are found in the areolar tissue between the tubules, Respond to luteinizing hormone, and Produce testosterone |
front 102 The broad ligament is? | back 102 an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. |
front 103 The region where blood vessels enter the ovary is called the? | back 103 ovarian hilum. |
front 104 Each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that? | back 104 About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty |
front 105 The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete? | back 105 Estrogens |
front 106 This is the structure that ruptures during ovulation? | back 106 Tertiary follicle |
front 107 The primary follicle develops from the? | back 107 primordial follicle |
front 108 Which of the following is greater? | back 108 the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth |
front 109 The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the? | back 109 uterine tube. |
front 110 The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the? | back 110 uterus. |
front 111 The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the? | back 111 cervix. |
front 112 The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the? | back 112 Myometrium. |
front 113 Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum? | back 113 infundibulum |
front 114 The ________ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes. | back 114 fundus |
front 115 The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the? | back 115 infundibulum. |
front 116 Which of the following descriptions best matches the term uterine tube? | back 116 has ciliated epithelium |
front 117 The average length of the uterine cycle is? | back 117 28 days |
front 118 During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle? | back 118 the functional zone of the endometrium is restored. |
front 119 Which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium? | back 119 consists of a basilar zone and a functional zone |
front 120 The termination of the uterine cycle at age 45-55 is called ________. | back 120 menopause |
front 121 All of the following are true of the vagina, except that it | back 121 loses a portion of its lining during menses. |
front 122 The vagina is? | back 122 a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. |
front 123 The vulva includes all of the following, except the? | back 123 vagina. |
front 124 The space bounded by the labia minora is the? | back 124 vestibule. |
front 125 Fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestibule are the? | back 125 labia majora. |
front 126 The clitoris? | back 126 Is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males, Engorges with blood during sexual arousal, Is topped by a small erectile glans, and Contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis. |
front 127 The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix. | back 127 fornix |
front 128 Another term for vulva is? | back 128 female external genitalia. |
front 129 The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the? | back 129 Areola |
front 130 The production of milk is called? | back 130 Lactation |
front 131 During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle? | back 131 The fertilized ovum implants, Progesterone levels are high, Endometrial glands are enlarged, and The corpus luteum is formed |
front 132 During the menses? | back 132 the old functional layer is sloughed off. |
front 133 The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is? | back 133 the menses. |
front 134 The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is? | back 134 Progesterone |
front 135 Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of? | back 135 Progesterone |
front 136 The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers? | back 136 ovulation |
front 137 A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for? | back 137 follicle maturation. |
front 138 Which is the function of the ovaries? | back 138 Secretion of hormones, Production of oocytes, Formation of immature gametes, and Secretion of inhibin |
front 139 A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in? | back 139 luteinizing hormone. |
front 140 After ovulation, the ovary secretes? | back 140 Both estrogen and progesterone |
front 141 A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle. | back 141 the secretory phase |
front 142 Secondary sexual characteristics? | back 142 may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen. |
front 143 Follicle-stimulating hormone? | back 143 stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary. |
front 144 On which of the following days would the level of GnRH be highest in a female? | back 144 first day of menses |
front 145 After fertilization, the first cell division is completed? | back 145 more than a day later. |
front 146 During amphimixis, | back 146 the male and female pronuclei fuse. |
front 147 Which of the following is not part of fertilization? | back 147 completion of Meiosis I |
front 148 The individual cells produced by cleavage are called | back 148 blastomeres. |
front 149 The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is | back 149 development. |
front 150 Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane causes | back 150 Oocyte activation, Completion of the second meiosis, Membrane fusion, and Extrusion of the second polar body |
front 151 Completion of cytokinesis leads to? | back 151 A doubling of blastomere number, A division of the cytoplasm into two portions, and Interphase |
front 152 Each of the following statements concerning development is true, except that? | back 152 the first trimester is when the fetus looks distinctively human. |
front 153 Under the influence of the trophoblast, maternal blood vessels in the endometrium? | back 153 break down and form lacunae. |
front 154 A space opens within the inner cell mass that will form the? | back 154 amniotic cavity. |
front 155 The process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of the zygote among blastomeres is called? | back 155 cleavage. |
front 156 Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as? | back 156 Implantation |
front 157 ________ are nearly identical cells that are produced by early cleavages? | back 157 Blastomeres |
front 158 The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a? | back 158 morula |
front 159 A blastocyst is a(n)? | back 159 hollow ball of cells. |
front 160 The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will? | back 160 form the embryo. |
front 161 During implantation, the? | back 161 syncytial trophoblast erodes a path through the endometrium. |
front 162 Which of these statements about the trophoblast is false? | back 162 is derived from the inner cell mass |
front 163 During gastrulation? | back 163 three germ layers are formed. |
front 164 The region known as the primitive streak is the site of? | back 164 migration of ectodermal cells to form the mesoderm |
front 165 The ectoderm forms? | back 165 neural tissues. |
front 166 The mesoderm forms? | back 166 muscle. |
front 167 The endoderm forms? | back 167 the urinary bladder. |
front 168 The trophoblast has many of the characteristics of ________ cells. | back 168 cancer |
front 169 By day 12 of embryonic development, mesoderm begins to form through? | back 169 gastrulation. |
front 170 The oval, three-layered sheet produced by gastrulation is called the ________. | back 170 embryonic disc |
front 171 Ectoderm is to ________ as mesoderm is to ________. | back 171 nervous system; muscular system |
front 172 The mesoderm and the trophoblast combine to form the | back 172 chorion. |
front 173 The extraembryonic membrane that forms blood cells is the | back 173 yolk sac. |
front 174 The extraembryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is the? | back 174 chorion. |
front 175 All of the following are true of the allantois, except that | back 175 it acts as the fetal bone marrow. |
front 176 Which of these is not one of the extraembryonic membranes? | back 176 umbilical cord |
front 177 Which of the following is one of the critical events of the first trimester? | back 177 Cleavage, Implantation, Placentation, and Gastrulation |
front 178 The hormone that increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy is? | back 178 Relaxin. |
front 179 The placenta is a source of which of these hormones? | back 179 hCG, Relaxin, Progesterone, and Placental lactogen |
front 180 If fertilization occurs, the ________ is maintained because the embryo secretes ________. | back 180 corpus luteum; human chorionic gonadotrophin |
front 181 The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems are established is the ________ trimester | back 181 First |
front 182 The period of gestation that is characterized by the largest fetal weight gain and fat deposition is the ________ trimester. | back 182 Third |
front 183 The period of gestation when organs and organ systems complete most of their development and the fetus looks distinctly human is the ________ trimester. | back 183 Second |
front 184 Embryological and early fetal development occur in the ________ trimester. | back 184 First |
front 185 All of the following occur during pregnancy, except that? | back 185 A woman's bladder capacity increases. |
front 186 During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by ________, produced by the placenta. | back 186 progesterone |
front 187 The first stage of labor is the ________ stage. | back 187 dilation |
front 188 The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage. | back 188 expulsion |
front 189 Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of | back 189 oxytocin |
front 190 Progesterone calms the myometrium and prevents contraction. What factors antagonize progesterone and trigger labor and delivery? | back 190 Rising estrogen levels increase sensitivity, Rising oxytocin levels lead to uterine contractions, Distortion of the myometrium, and Distortion of the cervix |
front 191 The prostaglandins produced in the endometrium? | back 191 stimulate smooth muscle contractions. |
front 192 The neonatal period extends? | back 192 for the first month of life. |
front 193 The infancy stage of life is considered to be over at? | back 193 Age 2 |
front 194 All of the following occur at puberty, except that? | back 194 GnRH levels decline. |
front 195 Which of these hormones is the cause of most puberty related changes in a female? | back 195 estrogen |
front 196 Which of these is a puberty related change caused by increased testosterone levels? | back 196 accelerated bone deposition and skeletal growth |
front 197 Non-sex chromosomes are called? | back 197 Autosomal |
front 198 The alternate forms of any one gene are called? | back 198 alleles. |
front 199 If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, the individual is ________ for the trait. | back 199 homozygous |
front 200 If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, the individual is ________ for the trait. | back 200 heterozygous |
front 201 In simple autosomal inheritance, phenotypic characters are determined, or controlled, by? | back 201 a single pair of alleles. |
front 202 In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are? | back 202 determined by interactions among several genes. |
front 203 If a color-blind (X-linked recessive trait) man marries a woman who is heterozygous for the trait, what proportion of their male offspring can be expected to be color blind? | back 203 1/2 |