Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

54 notecards = 14 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope (chapter 3)

front 1

Microorganisms are measure in

back 1

LM = > or Micrometers um (10-6 m) is equal to 0.000001m.

EM = < or Nanometers um (10-9 m)

front 2

A virus measures 100 nm in length. What is its length in um?

back 2

0.01 um

front 3

  1. lm=106 mm
  2. lm= 10 9mm
  3. lm= 1012 m
  4. lm= 10-6m
  5. lm=10-9m
  6. lpm=10-12m

back 3

  1. micro meter
  2. nano meter
  3. pico meter

front 4

A microorganism measures 5 um in length. Its length in mm would be

back 4

0.005 mm

front 5

Simple microscope consists of

back 5

One Lens

front 6

A compound microscope has

back 6

Multiple lenses

front 7

Simple staining is necessary to improve contrast in which microscope?

back 7

compound light microscope

front 8

The most common microscope used in microbiology is

back 8

The compound light Microscope

front 9

The total magnification of an object is calculated:

back 9

Multiplying the Ocular magnification X Objective magnification by the magnification of the ocular lens.

10x x 40x = Total magnification 400x

front 10

The compound light microscope uses

back 10

Visible Light

front 11

The maximum resolution, or resolving power

(ability to distinguish between two points)

back 11

Compound light microscope is 0.2 um,maximum magnification is 2000x.

front 12

Specimens are stained to increase the difference between

back 12

The refractive indexes of the specimen and the medium

front 13

Immersion oil is used with the 100x objective lens of the compound light microscope to ______.

back 13

Reduce light loss between the slide and lens

front 14

Brightfield illumination is used for

back 14

Used for stained smears

front 15

Which microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures are presence of extremely small organisms.

back 15

Darkfield Microscope

front 16

Which of the following types of microscopy is most useful for viewing the internal structures of unstained specimens? It brings direct and reflection.

back 16

Phase Contrast Microscope

front 17

Which microscope provides a colored,three-dimensional image of the object being observed.

back 17

Differential Interference Contrast Microscope

front 18

Which microscope is used to observe a specimen that emits light when illuminated with an ultraviolet light?Allows organisms to be identified base on antigens,even if the organisms are inside a cell.

back 18

Fluorescence Microscope

front 19

Which microscope is used a computer to process the images,two-dimensional three- dimensional images of cells can produced.

back 19

Confocal Microscope

front 20

Which microscope is based on the Interpretation of sound waves through a specimen. It is used to study living cells attached to surfaces such as cancer cells,artery plaque,and biofilms.

back 20

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy

front 21

A student is observing an object that displays the internal detail on virus at great magnification. Which type of microscope is used for this image?

back 21

Transmission Electron Microscopy

front 22

A microscopist is studying the surface pores on a bacterial specimen.

Which microscope provides the best three-dimensional surface structure image?

back 22

Scanned -Probe Microscopy

front 23

What is the 3 lenses system in a 10 pound LM?

back 23

  1. Ocolar lenses
  2. Condenser lenses
  3. Objective lenses

front 24

2 Types of electron microscopes?

back 24

  1. Scanning- SEM
  2. Transmission-TEM

front 25

Electron Microscopes use?

back 25

A beam of electrons instead of light.

front 26

Preparing means coloring a microorganism with a dye to make some structures more visible.

Fixing uses heat or alcohol to kill and attach microorganism to a slide.

A smear is a thin film of material used for microscopic examination.

Bacteria are negatively charged, and the colored positive ion of a basic dye will stain bacterial cells.

The colored negative ion of an acidic dye will stain the background of a bacterial smear;a negative stain is produced.

back 26

Preparing Smears for Staining

front 27

What are 2 types of staining?

back 27

  1. Simple Stain
  2. Differencial

front 28

  1. Simple stain is an aqueous or alcohol solution of a single basic dye.
  2. It is used to make cellular shapes arrangements visible.
  3. A mordant may be used to improve bonding between the stain and the specimen.

back 28

Simple Stains

front 29

  1. Such as the Gram stain and acid-fast stain,differentiate bacteria according to their reactions to the stains.
  2. The Gram stain procedure uses a purple stain (crystal violet),iodine as a mordant,an alcohol decolorizer, and a red counterstain.
  3. Gram-positive bacteria retain the purple stain after the decolorization step;gram-negative bacteria do not and thus appear pink from the counterstain.
  4. Acid-fast microbes,such as members of the genera Mycobacterium and Nocardia,retain carbolfuchsin after acid-alcohol decolorization and appear blue.

back 29

Differential Stains

front 30

What are the 2 types of differential stains?

back 30

  1. Gram Stain ( positive,negative)
  2. Acid Fast Stain

front 31

Gram Positive Cell Wall is ?

back 31

Thicker than gram negative

front 32

What are 3 types of dyes ?

back 32

  1. Methylene (Blue)
  2. Crystal (Violet)
  3. Safrarin (Bright Red)

front 33

Gram Stain and Acid Fast Stain is used for ?

back 33

Identification

front 34

Special Structone Stain is used for?

back 34

Classification

front 35

What color is Gram postive?

What color is Gram negative?

back 35

Gram postive - purple

Gram negative- red

front 36

Gram postive is kill by?

Gram negative is?

back 36

  1. Penicillin and detergents
  2. Resistant to antibiotics

front 37

What two Acids do not respond to gram stain?

back 37

Mycobacterium: mycolic acid

Nocardia: mycolic acid

front 38

What is mordants used for?

back 38

To hold stain or coat the specimen to enlarge. (EX: Iodine)

front 39

What are the 3 characteristics of simple stain?

back 39

  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Cell arrangement

front 40

Staining Help?

back 40

View details of specimen with dye.

front 41

Special Stains

back 41

Negative staining is used to make microbial capsules visible.

The endospore stain and flagella stain are special stains that color only certain parts of bacteria.

front 42

What are the 3 stains of special structural stain?

back 42

  1. Endospore
  2. Capsule
  3. Flagella

front 43

What does endospores produce?

back 43

Toxins

front 44

Acid-Fast Stain Binds?

back 44

Strong only to bacteria that have waxy material in their cell walls.

front 45

You are performing a Gram stain on gram positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the first dye. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

back 45

purple

front 46

You are performing a Gram stain on gram negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

back 46

purple

front 47

You are performing a Gram stain on gram negative bacteria and you stop after the descolorizer. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

back 47

colorless

front 48

You are performing a Gram stain on gram positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the counterstain. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

back 48

purple

front 49

Which type of stain is useful in helping clinicians to decide which antibiotic to prescribe for a bacterial infection?

back 49

Gram stain

front 50

Which step in the Gram stain is the critical step in differentiating gram positive cells from gram negative cell?

back 50

alcohol-acetone

front 51

Which of the following steps of the Gram stain are in correct order?

back 51

a) Crystal Violet

b) Iodine

c) Alcohol acetone

d) Safranin

front 52

You find colorless areas in cell in a gram stained smear. What should you apply next?

back 52

an endospore stain

front 53

Which microscope is used to see intracellular detail in a living cell?

back 53

two-photon microscope

front 54

The courterstain used in the Gram stain is a basic dye

back 54

True