. If an individual is diagnosed a psychotic, it usually means that the person has

1. Hallucinations
2. Delusions

Some have proposed that the personality disorders be replaced or supplemented by a dimensional model which individuals would be rated on a series of personality themselves as well as categorical diagnosis. It is believed that this would have advantages over a purely categorical system. Which of the following would be such an advantage?

1. It would rtain more information about teach individual
2. It would be more flexible
3. It would avoid arbitrary decisions involved in assignment to a diagnostic catergory
4. All of the above

Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual and tend to be suspicious and have odd beliefs are generally diagnosed with_____ personality disorder

1. Schizotypal

30 The diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in an individual is

: A. common

. Max is always sure that others are trying to harm him. His perception that the world is a threatening place impacts most of his life. Most likely, Max would be diagnosed with the personality disorder called.

Ans: Paranoid

32 one of the greatest challenges for any therapist treating an individual with paranoid personality disorder is in

: B. earning a patients trust.

1. When presented with words projected on a computer screen. individuals with borderline personality disorder are more likely than individuals without the disorder to remember the word

: B. abandon.

1. which of the following is the most likey model to explain the cause of borderline personality disorder?

Ans: D. Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressor.

1. one difference between a psychopath and a person with anticsocial personality disorder is that the ____ are used in diagnosing the psychopath, but _____ are used to diagnosed antisocial personality disorder disorder.

Ans: A. personality traits; observable behaviours

1. which of the following are the two major theories that has been proposed to explain antisocial personality disorder?

Ans: A. under arousal and fearlessness.

37. Which of the following characterize the disorder known as schizophrenia

1. Delusions and hallucinations
2. Inappropriate emotions
3. Disorganized speech and behavior
4. All of the above

1. which of the following is the definition of catatonia?

ANS: C.Immobility ( lack of movement) or agitated excitement

1. In working with schizophrenic patients, mental health professional typically distinguish between _____symptoms ( an excess or distortion of normal behavior)and ______sypmptoms ( deficits in normal behavior)

Ans: A. positive, negative

1. The most common type of hallucination experienced by psychotic individuals is

Ans: B. auditory

Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called

Ans: B. broca’s area

1. The negative symptoms of schizophrenia called avolution is defined as

Ans: A. inability to initiate and persists in activities

43.which of the following defines the somatic type of delusional disorder?

Ans: Believing one is afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition

1. Research studies focusing on genetic factors in schizophrenia have found that.

. an individual with a schizophrenic identical twin has the highest risk factor ( almost 50 percent) of developing schizophrenia .

45.When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influence of schizophrenia in correlational research. It is important to keep certain question in mind. For example, if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine. A researcher would need to ask all of the following questions EXCEPT

D. why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?

T OR F. high expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among patients with chronic schizophrenia

TRUE

1. In terms of substance related disorders, the word addiction is most closely associated with

substance dependence

14.Substatnce interaction is determined by all of the following EXCEPT

physiological dependence on drugs

Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating or maintaining sleep. He guesses that he Is sleeping for an average of bout three hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, fred has always experience some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The evidence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety.

. is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and result of anxiety`

Which of the following does NOT represent the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

Ans C. dopamine- slurred speech.

5.Strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorder seems to be

sociocultural

6.Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

ns: B. an inherited personality tendency that may make development of eating disorder more likely

The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n)

Polysomnographic evaluation

According to the author of your text book, the definition of a psychological disorder is assoiated with

1. impaired functioning

Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders for example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called.

1. Incidence

1. Psychological disorders can be described as following a typical course or individual patterns, for example schizophrenia follows a chronic course. On the other hand, mood disorders, including depression follow a(n)___ course.

1. Episodic

.Mustafa was bitten by a dog when he was five years old. Now he is afraid of any dog he sees, His fear of dog is a(n)

1. Contidioned response

the basis of multidimensional intergrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that each dimension psychological, biological,emotional

1. Is influenced by other dimensions

the term equifinality refers to the fact that

1. A number of paths can lead to the same outcome

29____ is when the signs and symptoms chosen in criteria for the diagnostic category are consistently associated and what they identify differs from other categories

1. Concurrent reliability

the autonomic and somatic nervous systems are divisions of the

peripheral nervous system

The synaptic cleft is the area between

Mark was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago. Most recently, he has been exhibiting some bizarre behaviours. For example, he has been standing for hours in unsual postures. Mark’s motor dysfunction is called.

Ans: C. catatonic immobility.`

Brain function mainly responsible for emotion and behavior

. Tor Fhigh expressed emotion in a family is a good predictor of relapse among patients with chronic schizophrenia

T

1. Catharsis is

1. A purging of emotionally traumatic events

1. ___ is when the signs and symptoms chosen in criteria for the diagnostic category are consistently associated and what they identify differs from other categories

1. Concurrent reliability
2. Inter-rater reliability
3. Familial aggregation
4. Construct validity

1. The negative symptoms of schizophrenia called avolution is defined as

Ans: A. inability to initiate and persists in activities

47 The negative symptoms of a schizophrenia called alogia is defined as

Ans: D. lack of speech content and ‘or slowed speech response

31.Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the ‘permissive’ hypothesis. Which means

1. that low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders
2. the norepinephrine systems regulate serotonin levels, if norepinephrine levels are low, depression will occur
3. when serotonin levels are low other neurotransmitter system s become deregulated and contribute to mood irregularities
4. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are mere significant mood regulation that the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters

1. In trying to understand and help an individual with a psychological problem. A psychologist will obtain detailed information about the person’s life as part of a

1. Clicnical interview

1. The thalamus and hypothalamus regulate behavior and emotion

regulate behavior and emotion

1. which of the following are the two major theories that has been proposed to explain antisocial personality disorder?

Ans: A. under arousal and fearlessness.

1. which of the following describes the concept of validity as it applies to psychological assessment?

1. Two or more ‘raters’ to get the same answer
2. An assessment technique is consistent across different measures
3. Scores are used as a norm for comparison purposes
4. An assessment technique measures what is designed to measure

1. All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

1. Strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation
2. Siginificant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid phobic situations
3. Recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable
4. Chronically decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous systems

1. which of the following is an accurate statement regarding mood disorders

1. An individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed and anxious
2. Unipolar mania is more common than unipolar depression
3. An individual who has experienced only manic episodes in the past is unlikely to be ever depressed
4. Neither manic or depressive symptoms ???? on their own without treatment.

23, regarding severe cases of major depressive disorder those in which the depressive disorder has lasted five years or more, all of the following experience are accurate EXCEPT

1. The episode may not entirely clear up, leaving some residual symptoms
2. The likelihood of a subsequent episode is high
3. The next episode is likely to be manic rather than depressive
4. Subsequent episode may be associated with incomplete inter-episode recovery

31.Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the ‘permissive’ hypothesis. Which means

1. that low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders
2. the norepinephrine systems regulate serotonin levels, if norepinephrine levels are low, depression will occur
3. when serotonin levels are low other neurotransmitter system s become deregulated and contribute to mood irregularities
4. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are mere significant mood regulation that the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters

32, which of the following statements reflects the current thinking on the issue of the relationship between mood disorders and suicide’?

1. suicide is often associated with psychological disorders, especially depression
2. all people who attempt suicide have mood disorders
3. asmall percentage of adolescent suicides are an expression of severe depression
4. suicide generally a response to some disappointment in people who are otherwise psychologically healthy

1. Which of the following does NOT represent the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

Ans C. dopamine- slurred speech.

14.Substatnce interaction is determined by all of the following EXCEPT

ans: D.physiological dependence on drugs

1. The negative symptoms of schizophrenia called avolution is defined as

Ans: A. inability to initiate and persists in activities

40.Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability toa anxiety disorders is related to

1. One sense of control over environmental events
2. The number of unexpected occurrences in one life
3. The number of sibling in one’s family
4. Genetic or biological factors only