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A&P 2 PreLab Quizzes for Practicum 1

front 1

Define hormone

back 1

chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland

front 2

Correct term:

An endocrine/exocrine gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid from which it enters the blood.

back 2

endocrine

front 3

The pituitary gland, also known as the ____, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

a. hypophysis

b. hypothalamus

c. thalamus

back 3

a. hypophysis

front 4

True/False

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

back 4

True

front 5

The ____ gland is composed of two lobes and located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx.

a. pancreas c. thymus

b. posterior pituitary d. thyroid

back 5

d. thyroid

front 6

The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels.

back 6

glucagon

front 7

True/False

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

back 7

True

front 8

This gland is rather large in an infant, begins to atrophy at puberty, and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the ____ gland.

a. pineal c. thymus

b. testes d. thyroid

back 8

c. thymus

front 9

Correct term:

Pancreatic islets/Acinar cells form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

back 9

Pancreatic islets

front 10

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three areas. Which one produces aldosterone?

a. zona fasciculata

b. zona glomerulosa

c. zona reticularis

back 10

b. zona fasciculata

front 11

True/False

Gonadotropins are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

back 11

True

front 12

Correct Term:

Many people with diabetes mellitus need injections of insulin/glucagon to maintain homeostasis.

back 12

insulin

front 13

Correct Term:

Catabolism/Anabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simpler compounds.

back 13

Catabolism

front 14

____ is the single most important hormone responsible for influencing the rate of cellular metabolism and body heat production.

a. Calcitonin c. Insulin

b. Estrogen d. Thyroid hormone

back 14

d. Thyroid hormone

front 15

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is

a. decreased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

c. increased in obese individuals

back 15

b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

front 16

True/False

There are no special precautions that I need to observe when performing today's lab (blood).

back 16

False

front 17

Three types of formed elements found in the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ____.

a. electrolytes c. platelets

b. fibers d. sodium salts

back 17

c. platelets

front 18

Correct Term:

Mature erythrocytes/leukocytes are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus.

back 18

erythroocytes

front 19

The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the

a. basophil c. monocyte

b. lymphocyte d. neutrophil

back 19

c. monocyte

front 20

____ are the leukocytes for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation.

a. Basophils c. Monocytes

b. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils

back 20

a. Basophils

front 21

____ are essential for blood clotting.

back 21

Platelets

front 22

Correct Term:

When determining the hematocrit/hemoglobin, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample.

back 22

hematocrit

front 23

Correct Term:

The normal hematocrit value for females/males is generally higher than that of the opposite sex.

back 23

males

front 24

Correct Term:

Blood typing is based on the presence of proteins known as antigens/antibodies on the outer surface of the red blood cell plasma membrane.

back 24

antigens

front 25

True/False

If an individual is transfused with the wrong blood type, the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's antigens, eventually clumping and hemolyzing the donated RBC's.

back 25

True

front 26

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the

a. apex c. pericardium

b. mediastinum d. thorax

back 26

c. pericardium

front 27

The heart is divided into ____ chambers.

a. two c. four

b. three d. five

back 27

c. four

front 28

What is the name of the receiving chambers of the heart?

back 28

left/right atrium

front 29

The left ventricle discharges blood into the ____, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues.

a. aorta c. pulmonary verin

b. pulmonary artery d. vena cava

back 29

a. aorta

front 30

True/False

Blood flows through the heart in one direction-- from the atria to the ventricles.

back 30

True

front 31

Correct Term:

The right atrioventricular valve, or t ricuspid valve/mitral valve, prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.

back 31

mitral valve

front 32

Correct Term:

The heart serves as a double pump. The right/left side serves as the pulmonary circulation pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs.

back 32

left

front 33

The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself are the

a. aortas c. coronary arteries

b. carotid arteries d. pulmonary trunks

back 33

c. coronary arteries

front 34

Two microscopic features of cardiac cells that help distinguish them from other types of muscle cells are branching of the cells and

a. intercalated discs c. sarcolemma

b. myosin fibers d. striations

back 34

a. intercalated discs

front 35

Correct Term:

In the heart, the left/right ventricle has thicker walls and a basically circular cavity shape.

back 35

left

front 36

True/False

Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions and behave as a single unit.

back 36

True

front 37

Because it sets the rate of depolarization for the normal heart, the ____ node is known as the pacemaker of the heart.

a. atrioventicular

b. Purkinje

c. sinoatrial

back 37

c. sinoatrial

front 38

True/False

Stimulation by the nerves of the autonomic nervous system is essential for cardiac muscle to contract.

back 38

True

front 39

Today you will create a graphic recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle. This is known as an

a. electrocardiogram

b. electroencephalogram

c. electromyogram

back 39

a. electrocardiogram

front 40

Correct Term:

The typical ECG has three/six normally recognizable deflection waves.

back 40

three

front 41

In a typical ECG, the ____ wave signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

a. P c. R

b. Q d. T

back 41

a. P

front 42

True/False

The repolarization of the atria is usually masked by the large QRS complex.

back 42

True

front 43

Correct Term:

A heart rate over 100 beats/minute is known as tachycardia/bradycardia.

back 43

tachycardia

front 44

How many electrodes will you place on your subject for today's activity if you use a standard ECG apparatus?

a. 3 c. 10

b. 4 d. 12

back 44

d. 12

front 45

True/False

ECG can be used to calculate heart rate.

back 45

True

front 46

Correct Term:

Arteries/Veins drain tissues and returns blood to the heart.

back 46

Veins

front 47

True/False

Gas exchange takes place between tissue cells and blood through capillary walls.

back 47

True

front 48

The ____ is the largest artery in the body.

a. aorta c. femoral artery

b. carotid artery d. subcalvian artery

back 48

a. aorta

front 49

Correct Term:

The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, the renal/superior mesenteric artery, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine.

back 49

superior mesenteric

front 50

The anterior tibial artery terminates with the ____ artery, which is often palpated in patients with circulatory problems to determine the circulatory efficiency of the lower limb.

a. dorsalis pedis c. obturator

b. external iliac d. tibial

back 50

a. dorsalis pedis

front 51

Correct Term:

Vains draining the head an upper extremities empty into the superior/inferior vena cava.

back 51

superior

front 52

Located in the lower limb, the ____ is the longest vein in the body.

a. external iliac c. great saphenous

b.fibular d. internal iliac

back 52

c. great saphenous

front 53

Correct Term:

The renal/hepatic veins drain the liver.

back 53

hepatic

front 54

The function of the ____ is to drain the digestive viscera and carry dissolved nutrients to the liver for processing.

a. fetal circulation

b. hepatic portal circulation

c. pulmonary circulation system

back 54

b. hepatic portal circulation

front 55

Correct Term:

In the developing fetus, the umbilical artery/vein carried blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

back 55

vein

front 56

Correct Term:

According to the general usage, systole/diastole refers to ventricular relaxation.

back 56

diastole

front 57

A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the

a. blood pressure c. conduction system of the heart

b. cardiac cycle d. electrical events of the heartbeat

back 57

b. cardiac cycle

front 58

True/False

When ventricular systole begins, intraventricular pressure increases rapidly,closing the atrioventricular (AV) valves,

back 58

True

front 59

The average heart beats approximately ____ times per minute.

a. 50 c. 100

b. 75 d. 125

back 59

b. 75

front 60

Correct Term:

Abnormal heart sounds called murmurs/stroke can indicate valve problems.

back 60

murmurs

front 61

The term ____ refers to the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

a. diastole c. pulse

b. murmur d. systole

back 61

c. pulse

front 62

Correct Term:

The pulse is most often taken at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb, by compressing the popliteal/radial artery.

back 62

radial

front 63

What device will you use today to measure your subject's blood pressure?

back 63

sphygmomanometer, stethoscope

front 64

In reporting a blood pressure of 120/90, which number represents the diastolic pressure?

back 64

90

front 65

The ____ are characteristic sounds that indicate the resumption of blood flow to the artery being occluded when taking blood pressure.

a. ectopic heartbeats c. heart rhythms

b. heart murmurs d. sounds of Korotkoff

back 65

d. sounds of Korotkoff

front 66

True/False

The lymphatic system protects the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream.

back 66

True

front 67

Lymph is

a. excess blood that has escaped from veins

b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries

c. excess tissue fluid that has escaped from arteries

back 67

b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries

front 68

True/False

Collecting lymphatic vessels have three tunics and are equipped with valves like veins.

back 68

True

front 69

____, which serve as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic system.

a. Glands

b. Lymph nodes

c. Valves

back 69

b. Lymph nodes

front 70

True/False

The immune response is a systemic response that occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign and acts to destroy or neutralize it.

back 70

True

front 71

Three characteristics of the immune response are the ability to distinguish self from nonself, memory, and

a. autoimmunity

b. specificity

c. susceptibilty

back 71

b. specificity

front 72

Correct Term:

B cells/T cells differentiate in the thymus.

back 72

T cells

front 73

Correct Term:

T cells mediate humoral/cellular immunity because they destroy cells infected with viruses and certain bacteria and parasites.

back 73

cellular

front 74

True/False

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and are found in all body secretions.

back 74

True

front 75

Antibodies that have only one structural unit (monomer) consist of ____ protein chains, connected by disulfide bonds.

a. two c. four

b. three d. six

back 75

c. four