front 1 DNA is composed of building blocks called _____. | back 1 nucleotides |
front 2 In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearance of a _____. | back 2 double helix |
front 3 Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? | back 3 the use of DNA as the information storage molecule |
front 4 Which of the following does not occur during mitosis? | back 4 replication of the DNA |
front 5 Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis? | back 5 They need both if they are producing animal gametes. |
front 6 A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain? | back 6 92 |
front 7 Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase? | back 7 They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands. |
front 8 What is the final result of mitosis in a human? | back 8 genetically identical somatic cells containing 46 chromosomes |
front 9 The beginning of anaphase is indicated by which of the following? | back 9 Cohesin is cleaved enzymatically. |
front 10 Which of the following defines a genome? | back 10 the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences |
front 11 How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? | back 11 Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. |
front 12 If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state? | back 12 fertilization |
front 13 Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? | back 13 two diploid cells ... four haploid cells |
front 14 Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not during mitosis? | back 14 Synapsis occurs. |
front 15 If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? | back 15 It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. |
front 16 What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism? | back 16 Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. |
front 17 Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes? | back 17 meiosis I |
front 18 In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the explanations identifies the correct process and supports the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another? | back 18 In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. |
front 19 The fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment involves _____. | back 19 sexual reproduction |
front 20 Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during | back 20 meiosis I. |
front 21 Look at the cell in the figure. Based on this figure, which of the following statements is true? | back 21 This cell is diploid. |
front 22 Which of the following is true about a plant with the genotype AABbcc? | back 22 It is homozygous at two loci. |
front 23 What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross? | back 23 A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied. |
front 24 How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE? | back 24 8 |
front 25 The individual with genotype AaBbCCDdEE can make many kinds of gametes. Which of the following is the major reason? | back 25 different possible assortment of chromosomes into gametes |
front 26 A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism? | back 26 HT |
front 27 Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows: 6022 yellow and 2001 green (8023 total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow seeds? | back 27 recessive |
front 28 Albinism is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. A man and woman are both of normal pigmentation, but both have one parent who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). What is the probability that their first child will be an albino? | back 28 1/4 |
front 29 Albinism is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. A man and woman are both of normal pigmentation and have one child out of three who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). What are the genotypes of the albino's parents? | back 29 Both parents must be heterozygous. |
front 30 In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? | back 30 0 |
front 31 A man has extra digits (six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot). His wife and their daughter have a normal number of digits. Having extra digits is a dominant trait. The couple's second child has extra digits. What is the probability that their next (third) child will have extra digits? | back 31 1/2 |
front 32 Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. If a woman and her husband are both carriers, what is the probability that their first child will be a phenotypically normal girl? | back 32 3/8 |
front 33 You cross a true-breeding red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding white-flowered one. All of the F1 are pink. What does this say about the parental traits? | back 33 Red shows incomplete dominance over white. |
front 34 Height in humans generally shows a normal (bell-shaped) distribution. What type of inheritance most likely determines height? | back 34 a combination of polygenic inheritance and environmental factors |
front 35 Hydrangea plants of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can be best explained by which of the following? | back 35 environmental factors such as soil pH |
front 36 Feather color in budgies is determined by two different genes, Y and B, one for pigment on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. YYBB, YyBB, YYBb or YyBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. A blue budgie is crossed with a white budgie. Which of the following results is possible? | back 36 blue offspring only |
front 37 Feather color in budgies is determined by two different genes, Y and B, one for pigment on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. YYBB, YyBB, or YYBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue; YYbb or Yybb is yellow; and yybb is white. Two blue budgies were crossed. Over the years, they produced twenty-two offspring, five of which were white. What are the most likely genotypes for the two blue budgies? | back 37 yyBb and yyBb |
front 38 What is the genotype of individual II-5? | back 38 ww |
front 39 What is the likelihood that the progeny of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait? | back 39 50% |
front 40 What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww? | back 40 1 |