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Medical Microbiology

front 1

1) Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of
A) reproduction.
B) cellular structure.
C) metabolism.
D) growth.
E) responsiveness.

back 1

E

front 2

2) Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?
A) flagellin
B) basal body
C) tubulin
D) filament
E) hook

back 2

C

front 3

3) Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?
A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.
B) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things.
C) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times.
D) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things.
E) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.

back 3

A

front 4

4) Bacterial pili can be described as
A) composed of tubulin.
B) solid, rigid protein structures.
C) composed of peptidoglycan.
D) specialized fimbriae.
E) a means of locomotion.

back 4

D

front 5

5) Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms?
A) glycocalyces
B) flagella
C) fimbriae
D) pili
E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

back 5

E

front 6

6) Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called
A) pili.
B) flagella.
C) fimbriae.
D) pseudopodia.
E) cilia.

back 6

E

front 7

7) A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of
A) tumbles.
B) positive phototaxis.
C) negative phototaxis.
D) positive chemotaxis.
E) negative chemotaxis.

back 7

B

front 8

8) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic flagella is FALSE?
A) Prokaryotic flagella can rotate 360 degrees.
B) A "run" results from counterclockwise movement of the flagellum.
C) Prokaryotic flagella are composed of tubulin.
D) Treponema is an example of a bacterium that has an endoflagellum.
E) Prokaryotic flagella are anchored to the cell wall by means of the basal body

back 8

C

front 9

9) Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE?
A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells.
C) Pili are long, hollow tubules.
D) Not all bacteria have pili.
E) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.

back 9

A

front 10

10) Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial cell walls?
A) peptidoglycan
B) lipoteichoic acids
C) mycolic acid
D) tetrapeptide
E) tubulin

back 10

E

front 11

11) Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain
A) carbohydrates.
B) amino acids.
C) lipopolysaccharide.
D) tubulin.
E) waxes.

back 11

E

front 12

12) Lipid A is also known as
A) endotoxin.
B) teichoic acid.
C) tetrapeptide.
D) mycolic acid.
E) lipopolysaccharide.

back 12

A

front 13

13) Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma are distinguished from other bacterial cells by
A) unique ribosomes.
B) the presence of mycolic acid in their cell walls.
C) the absence of a cell wall.
D) cell walls composed solely of amino acids.
E) the absence of a cytoplasmic membrane.

back 13

C

front 14

14) Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?
A) osmosis
B) facilitated diffusion
C) diffusion
D) active transport
E) group translocation

back 14

C

front 15

15) ATP is expended in which of the following processes?
A) facilitated diffusion
B) diffusion
C) group translocation
D) active transport
E) both active transport and group translocation

back 15

E

front 16

16) Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE?
A) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.
B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.
C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water.
D) Crenation results when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution.
E) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.

back 16

B

front 17

17) Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of
A) mycolic acid.
B) lipopolysaccharide.
C) hopanoids.
D) dipicolinic acid.
E) glycoproteins.

D

back 17

D

front 18

18) The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT
A) protection against dehydration.
B) anchoring cells to each other.
C) cellular recognition and communication.
D) transfer of genetic material between cells.
E) strengthening the cell surface.

back 18

D

front 19

19) Which of the following is unique to archaea?
A) LPS
B) peptidoglycan
C) hami
D) fimbriae
E) pili

back 19

C

front 20

20) When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This process is called
A) crenation.
B) endocytosis.
C) passive transport.
D) periplasm.
E) plasmalemma.

back 20

A

front 21

21) Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis and exocytosis is CORRECT?
A) These processes occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
B) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell.
C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle.
D) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis.
E) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport, whereas exocytosis is a form of active transport.

back 21

C

front 22

22) One lipid found in eukaryotes but NOT in prokaryotes is
A) hopanoid.
B) lipopolysaccharide.
C) phospholipid.
D) fatty acid.
E) steroid.

back 22

E

front 23

23) Which of the following statements concerning centrioles is FALSE?
A) The structure of centrioles is similar to that of eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
B) Centrioles are believed to play a role in cellular processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis.
C) Centrioles are found in a region of the cell called the centrosome.
D) Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokaryotes.
E) Centrioles are composed of microtubules.

back 23

D

front 24

24) Which of the following is classified as a membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) ribosome
C) cytoskeleton
D) centriole
E) both ribosomes and centrioles

back 24

A

front 25

25) Which of the following is NOT associated with the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
A) chromatin
B) cristae
C) histones
D) nucleoplasm
E) nucleolus

back 25

B

front 26

26) Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?
A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.
B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.
C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle.
D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm.
E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.

back 26

D

front 27

27) Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?
A) lysosome
B) Golgi body
C) mitochondrion
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) nucleus

back 27

C

front 28

28) Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that they have
A) DNA.
B) two lipid bilayers.
C) 70S ribosomes.
D) light-harvesting pigments.
E) cristae.

back 28

D

front 29

29) Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY?
A) plants: cellulose cell wall
B) algae: glycocalyx present
C) bacteria: peptidoglycan cell wall
D) fungi: cellulose, chitin, and/or glucomannan cell wall
E) archaea: polysaccharide cell wall

back 29

B

front 30

30) Which of the following statements concerning the endosymbiotic theory is FALSE?
A) Eukaryotes were formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells.
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide independently of the cell.
C) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes.
D) The cristae of mitochondria evolved from the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes.
E) The endosymbiotic theory is not universally accepted.

back 30

A

front 31

31) Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?
A) anchors organelles
B) gives shape to the cell
C) packages cellular secretions
D) performs endocytosis
E) aids in contraction of the cell

back 31

C

front 32

32) The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of
A) facilitated diffusion.
B) group translocation.
C) osmosis.
D) plasmolysis.
E) diffusion.

back 32

B

front 33

33) Which of the following molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane rapidly and without the use of transport proteins?
A) large molecules
B) ions
C) small hydrophobic molecules
D) small hydrophilic molecules
E) both ions and hydrophilic molecules

back 33

C

front 34

34) Which of the following processes requires a carrier protein?
A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) endocytosis
E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

back 34

E

front 35

35) Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A) N-acetylglucosamine
B) peptidoglycan
C) lipoteichoic acid
D) endotoxin
E) mycolic acid

back 35

E

front 36

36) The cytoplasmic membranes of __________ contain phospholipids and proteins.
A) archaeal cells
B) bacterial cells
C) eukaryotic cells
D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells
E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

back 36

D

front 37

37) Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of
A) archaea.
B) bacteria.
C) eukaryotes.
D) both archaea and bacteria.
E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

back 37

C

front 38

38) Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by
A) bacteria.
B) eukaryotes.
C) archaea.
D) all prokaryotes.
E) No cells use both processes.

back 38

B

front 39

39) Some __________ use group translocation as a means of transport.
A) eukaryotes
B) bacteria
C) archaea
D) prokaryotes
E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes

back 39

B

front 40

40) Hopanoids are found in __________ cytoplasmic membranes.
A) eukaryotic
B) bacterial
C) archaeal
D) prokaryotic
E) no

back 40

B

front 41

41) The cell walls of __________ contain peptidoglycan.
A) archaea
B) bacteria
C) eukaryotes
D) prokaryotes
E) bacteria and eukaryotes

back 41

B

front 42

42) Cytoplasmic membranes of __________ are composed of phospholipids.
A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) archaea
D) prokaryotes
E) both bacteria and eukaryotes

back 42

E

front 43

43) Some members of __________ have hami.
A) archaea
B) bacteria
C) eukaryotes
D) both archaea and bacteria
E) both bacteria and eukaryotes

back 43

A

front 44

44) __________ may have pili.
A) Eukaryotes
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria
D) Prokaryotes
E) Eukaryotes and bacteria

back 44

C

front 45

45) __________ may have flagella.
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukaryotes
D) Prokaryotes
E) Archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes

back 45

E

front 46

46) Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?
A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) archaea
D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
E) all prokaryotes

back 46

B

front 47

47) The cell walls of __________ contain tetrapeptides.
A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) all prokaryotes

back 47

C

front 48

48) Which of the following have external structures containing a periplasmic space?
A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) eukaryotes

back 48

A

front 49

49) Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?
A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) all prokaryotes

back 49

A

front 50

50) The cytoplasmic membranes of __________ contain lipids.
A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
D) archaea
E) all prokaryotes

back 50

E

front 51

51) In a(n) __________ solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

back 51

Answer: hypotonic

front 52

52) The presence of a cell __________ enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

back 52

Answer: wall

front 53

53) A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a __________ (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

back 53

Answer: lower

front 54

54) A(n) __________ is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

back 54

Answer: symport

front 55

55) The __________ body anchors the bacterial flagellum in the cell wall.

back 55

Answer: basal

front 56

56) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called __________.

back 56

Answer: inclusions

front 57

57) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as __________ to obtain liquids from their environment.

back 57

Answer: pinocytosis

front 58

58) Lipid __________ is a part of the Gram-negative cell wall that can produce fever, inflammation, and shock when it is released into the bloodstream. (Be sure to use capital letters.)

back 58

Answer: a

front 59

59) Paired structures composed of tubulin that play a role in eukaryotic mitosis are known as __________.

back 59

Answer: centrioles

front 60

60) Fibrous structures some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are __________.

back 60

Answer: hami

front 61

61) A(n) __________ is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

back 61

Answer: capsule

front 62

62) The type of organelles found only in eukaryotic cells are described as __________.

back 62

Answer: membranous

front 63

63) The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the __________.

back 63

Answer: nucleoplasm

front 64

64) A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is __________.

back 64

Answer: tubulin

front 65

65) Another name for a channel protein in the cell membrane is __________.

back 65

Answer: permease

front 66

66) Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates.

A - True

B - False

back 66

A

front 67

67) Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis.

A - True

B - False

back 67

B

front 68

68) Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete.

A - True

B - False

back 68

A

front 69

69) All cell membranes contain phospholipids and a wide variety of proteins.

A - True

B - False

back 69

B

front 70

70) The process of facilitated diffusion requires an input of energy.

A - True

B - False

back 70

B

front 71

71) Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 60S and 40S subunits.

A - True

B - False

back 71

A

front 72

72) Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells.

A - True

B - False

back 72

B

front 73

73) Formation of a biofilm may contribute to bacteria's ability to cause disease.

A - True

B - False

back 73

A

front 74

74) Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids.

A - True

B - False

back 74

A

front 75

75) The Golgi body prepares cellular products for export.

A - True

B - False

back 75

A