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23 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

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Ch 23 HW dew

front 1

What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

back 1

A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied

front 2

How does diploidy help to preserve genetic variation?

back 2

It allows recessive alleles that may not be favored in the current environment to be preserved in the gene pool by propagation in heterozygotes.

front 3

Which of the following are basic components of the Hardy–Weinberg model?

back 3

Frequencies of two alleles in a gene pool before and after many random matings

front 4

Which of the following statements is not a part of the Hardy–Weinberg principle?

back 4

The genotype frequencies in the offspring generation must add up to two.

front 5

True or false? The Hardy–Weinberg model makes the following assumptions: no selection at the gene in question; no genetic drift; no gene flow; no mutation; random mating.

back 5

True

front 6

What is the frequency of the A1A2 genotype in a population composed of 20 A1A1 individuals, 80 A1A2 individuals, and 100 A2A2 individuals?

back 6

0.4

front 7

What is the frequency of the A1 allele in a population composed of 20 A1A1 individuals, 80 A1A2 individuals, and 100 A2A2 individuals?

back 7

The frequency of the A1 allele is 0.3.

front 8

Which of the following evolutionary forces results in adaptive changes in allele frequencies?

back 8

Selection

front 9

What genotype frequencies are expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for a population with allele frequencies of p = 0.8 and q = 0.2 for a particular gene?

back 9

The expected genotype frequencies are 0.64, 0.32, and 0.04 for A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2, respectively.

front 10

Which of the following evolutionary forces could create new genetic information in a population?

back 10

Mutation

front 11

If, on average, 46% of the loci in a species' gene pool are heterozygous, then the average homozygosity of the species should be _____.

back 11

54%

front 12

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.3. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for this allele?

back 12

0.09

front 13

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele a is 0.2. What is the frequency of individuals that are heterozygous for this allele?

back 13

0.32

front 14

You sample a population of butterflies and find that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. What should be the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?

back 14

Allele frequency cannot be determined from this information.

front 15

In peas, a gene controls flower color such that R = purple and r = white. In an isolated pea patch, there are 36 purple-flowering plants and 64 white-flowering plants. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the value of q for this population?

back 15

0.80

front 16

The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are greatest when _____.

back 16

the population size is small

front 17

An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground-squirrel population experienced during the earthquake?

back 17

a genetic bottleneck

front 18

You are maintaining a small population of fruit flies in the laboratory by transferring the flies to a new culture bottle after each generation. After several generations, you notice that the viability of the flies has decreased greatly. Recognizing that small population size is likely to be linked to decreased viability, the best way to reverse this trend is to _____.

back 18

cross your flies with flies from another lab

front 19

In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its _____.

back 19

contribution to the gene pool of the next generation

front 20

What is the only evolutionary mechanism that consistently leads to adaptive evolution?

back 20

natural selection

front 21

Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some _______ survive and reproduce more successfully than others.

back 21

individuals

front 22

No two people are genetically identical, except for identical twins. The main source of genetic variation among human individuals is

back 22

the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction.

front 23

Blue poppies native to China were grown at a plant-breeding center in California. The plants with the thickest leaves were most likely to survive and reproduce in the drier climate. After several generations, the percentage of thick-leaved plants had increased by 42%. This adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to _____.

back 23

directional selection